Interregional Aviation Support

FY 2002 Actual	FY 2002 Supp	FY 2003 Estimate	FY 2004 Request
60,000	—	65,000	70,000

Budget Summary ($000)

Program Objectives and Performance IndicatorsThe Government of Colombia (with INL support and assistance) will conduct an aggressive aerial eradication program to reduce coca and opium poppy cultivation in Colombia.

All known areas of coca and opium poppy in Colombia will be sprayed with herbicide and cocaine and heroin production will be reduced as a result of this eradication.

The Governments of Peru and Bolivia (with INL-provided air transportation support to move people and materials) will expand manual eradication efforts in outlying areas of their respective countries.

In Bolivia, all residual coca will be eliminated and new plantings will be prevented in the Chapare region: there will be a reduction of illegal coca in the Yungas region (subject to the cooperation of the host government).

Coca cultivation in Peru will be reduced as evidenced by the abandonment of the remaining coca fields (subject to the cooperation of the host government).

INL will support missions to transport host government law enforcement or counternarcotics military personnel by air in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and other countries for the purpose of destroying cocaine and heroin processing laboratories and interdicting drug trafficking activities.

The number of interdiction operations along Bolivia’s borders and in the Yungas region will be increased to prevent the influx of drug trafficking activity resulting from the implementation of Plan Colombia.

The number of interdiction missions flown in Peru will increase significantly in 2004.

Aerial reconnaissance missions will be conducted to locate drug crops and production facilities and verify eradication program results.

Drug production areas and facilities will be successfully identified and mapped year-around in Colombia and on an as-needed basis in other countries.

Border security reconnaissance and interdiction operations in Pakistan will be effective against trafficking of narcotics and weapons, illegal border crossings, and terrorism.

Operations, training, and logistical support provided to the Pakistan border security aviation program will result in more frequent and more effective missions.

Host government institutions will have enhanced capabilities to undertake counternarcotics and border security air operations safely and effectively (Colombian National Police, Colombian Army, Peruvian National Police, Bolivian Air Force Red Devil Task Force, Pakistan Ministry of Interior Border Security Unit).

INL support for institution building of cooperating host government counternarcotics aviation programs in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Pakistan will result in more professional, capable and effective forces.

The aerial eradication and interdiction programs will see objective improvements in effectiveness, efficiency and safety.

Technological innovations will be developed and implemented to improve the effectiveness and safety of aerial eradication and interdiction efforts.

Program JustificationThe INL aviation program is an essential element in achieving international counternarcotics objectives. INL assists host governments worldwide in their efforts to locate and eradicate drug crops, interdict drug production and trafficking activities, and develop internal institutional counternarcotics aviation capabilities.

The aviation program provides eradication, mobility, interdiction, and logistical support capabilities that augment and facilitate ground operations and in many cases perform functions that would not be possible by any other means. For example, aerial eradication techniques allow for campaigns to destroy illicit crops that are faster, more widespread, and more cost effective than manual eradication. This is particularly important in eradicating the vast growing areas in Colombia during the limited dry season when a window of opportunity for this activity exists. In those countries that conduct manual, rather than aerial, eradication, crop destruction is substantially less. Nonetheless, INL aircraft provide essential transportation of manual eradicators and supporting logistics to remote drug growing areas. These efforts significantly reduce the amount of illegal drugs entering the U.S. by eradicating raw materials for drug production where they are cultivated. Airplanes and helicopters allow for transportation of law enforcement personnel, critical supplies, and equipment to remote, underdeveloped, unsecured regions that would otherwise be inaccessible. Air reconnaissance assets are an essential element in locating, identifying and targeting drug activities and verifying operational results.

By working closely with host government personnel to instill aviation technical and management skills and technology transfer, INL supports the operational goal of enhancing political determination to combat illegal drug production and trafficking. This builds long-lasting institutions that have the trained personnel and demonstrated abilities to assume increased responsibility for counternarcotics air activities.

Program AccomplishmentsThe Interregional Aviation Support program has made possible the tremendous expansion of aerial eradication in Colombia that, along with alternative development, is the backbone of that country’s counternarcotics strategy. INL and the Colombian National Police have collaborated in the mounting of an effective campaign using T-65 Thrush, OV-10D Bronco, and AT-802 Air Tractor spray planes to eradicate coca and opium poppy cultivation in the various regions. In CY 2002, over 122,000 hectares of coca were sprayed – a record setting year. INL has assisted the Colombian National Police with training, maintenance, logistics, and operational support to make this effort possible. The program also has provided logistical and operational support in the form of C-27 cargo airplanes and a Multi-spectral Digital Imaging System (MDIS) mounted on a Cessna Caravan for identification and mapping of coca.

Besides supporting Colombian National Police aerial eradication activities, the Interregional Aviation Support program initiated and sustained the Colombian Army (COLAR) UH-1N helicopter program that provides air mobility to the counterdrug battalions. This project included establishing infrastructure, training personnel, and preparing, configuring, deploying, and supporting the operation and maintenance of thirty-three UH-1N helicopters. The result of this effort, a fully trained COLAR aviation unit capable of conducting air mobile operations, is yielding results in terms of interdiction and ground support to aerial eradication. That unit has flown over 29,000 hours since its inception, with only one serious accident. More recently, INL-owned UH-60 and Huey-II helicopters were integrated into the COLAR counternarcotics aviation program allowing it to expand on the success of the initial group of UH-1N aircraft.

INL aviation support to Peru and Bolivia has also been instrumental in continued coca reduction operations. In Peru, INL-owned helicopters transport manual eradication teams and Peruvian counternarcotics police in order to implement far-reaching counternarcotics operations using a mobile-basing strategy. In Bolivia, INL helicopters have enabled the government to project authority over vast areas where drug traffickers previously operated with impunity. The significant eradication of coca in the Chapare region of Bolivia would not have been possible without the helicopter support provided through the INL aviation program. INL-provided aviation technical, training, and logistical support was an essential ingredient of the success enjoyed by host nation personnel operating these helicopters. The aviation program has also continued to make progress in establishing self-sufficiency in host nation counternarcotics aviation organizations.

INL has provided support to other Latin American countries in identifying and curtailing drug cultivation through its Regional Aerial Reconnaissance and Eradication (RARE) program. In addition to keeping drug crop cultivation in check in Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, Belize, and several other countries, this program has provided a capability to intercept drug smuggling aircraft, day or night, on a short-notice temporary deployment basis.

In 2002, INL established and supported a project in Pakistan to assist the host government in securing its border with Afghanistan. This project provided five Huey-II helicopters to the Ministry of the Interior in order to provide law enforcement with the operational capability to interdict drug trafficking and other illegal activities. We have already begun to reduce contractor presence at that location due to successful training and institution building efforts.

INL has put into place many technological innovations to enhance the safety and effectiveness of operations. INL has continued to modify its OV-10 aircraft to provide appropriate armoring and night vision goggle capability in addition to state-of-the-art, satellite guided spray systems. This has provided more protection and safety for crews, while delivering herbicide in an effective manner. Many of these same features were incorporated in the more recently acquired Air Tractor spray planes. The aviation program also established a technologically advanced system for identifying, plotting, and targeting coca cultivation using multi-spectral digital imaging.

In FY 2003, the Interregional Aviation Support program will continue successful eradication efforts in Putumayo, Caqueta, Guaviare and other coca growing regions in Colombia. INL will continue to provide flight operations and instruction, maintenance quality control, and repair parts support to the CNP to make possible a high sortie rate against illicit crops. Simultaneously, we will train police and military counternarcotics elements allow them to assume increased responsibility in these areas. INL will continue to support helicopter operations in Peru, Bolivia, and Pakistan. Training and institution building efforts will allow us to continue to reduce the number of American contractor personnel at those locations. At the same time, we will continue to pursue technological innovations to improve aircraft performance and explore the use of new variations of aircraft to enhance eradication capabilities at a reasonable cost.

FY 2004 Program

In FY 2004, the Interregional Aviation Support budget will continue to provide core level services necessary to operate a fleet of 164 fixed and rotary wing aircraft supporting counternarcotics aviation activities in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, border security operations in Pakistan, and, as needed, programs at other temporary deployment locations. This base of support is essential to logistically sustain depot level maintenance and the safe and professional operational employment of INL air assets. This budget will be augmented with funding various country programs to support specific, dynamic local NAS and cooperating host government missions.

A primary concern will be the continued aggressive aerial eradication of Colombian coca. Success in that campaign is expected to reduce the target population of coca fields, allowing for some aircraft to be shifted toward the task of eliminating opium poppy in Colombia and increasing surveillance and eradication activities in other countries to prevent resurgence.

In Bolivia, we will continue to support efforts to eliminate residual coca and prevent new plantings in the Chapare region, and reduce illegal coca in the Yungas region. INL will also support increased interdiction operations along Bolivia’s borders and in the Yungas. In Peru, we will continue to support the reduction of coca cultivation, seek to aerially verify the extent of opium poppy cultivation, and increase the number of interdiction missions. In Pakistan, INL will refine operational procedures and provide logistical support, including the introduction of fixed wing, sensor-equipped aircraft.

The establishment of host country self-sufficiency in counternarcotics and border security aviation programs will continue to be a priority in Bolivia, Peru, Pakistan, and Colombia. We expect dramatic results in this area with the COLAR aviation program, as personnel we have trained gain experience and maturity, allowing the reduction of contractor support requirements. We will continue to emphasize technological improvements to maximize productivity and safety of spray platforms while maintaining cost effectiveness.

The Interregional Aviation Support program budget, as augmented by country program funds for location-specific requirements, will continue to provide safe, professional aviation support to counternarcotics and border security programs worldwide.

FY 2002 Actual	FY 2002 Supp	FY 2003 Estimate	FY 2004 Request
6,000	—	4,000	5,000

Systems Support and Upgrades

Program Objectives and Performance IndicatorsThe number of detections of narco-trafficking events will increase significantly in the Eastern Caribbean with the C-26 aircraft in Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago. Effective Colombian National Police (CNP) signal collection in Colombia will continue to provide valuable intelligence while surveillance missions in Mexico will begin paying dividends to that nation's counternarcotics effort.

The C-26 Support project will provide more effective surveillance aircraft and better-trained personnel to accomplish counternarcotics detection and monitoring missions within each host nation area of operation.

The effectiveness of host-nation C-26 programs will continue to be improved.

The Airborne Surveillance Initiative project will support upgrades of aviation performance characteristics while promoting program cost savings through standardization of services and using economy-of-scale procurement.

Program JustificationThe Systems Support and Upgrade program has historically included the C-26 Support project, the Airborne Surveillance Initiative project, OV-10 Broncos refurbishments, and UH-1H helicopter upgrades. Through this funding, specialized systems that were previously not available were to be provided to meet counternarcotics mission requirements in support of surveillance, detection, eradication, interdiction and logistics. This project also allowed INL to improve the performance characteristics of existing systems to better utilize their capability, extend their useful life, and increase the effectiveness of reconnaissance, eradication and interdiction efforts.

INL has contracted for engineering and modification services to modify C-26 aircraft (owned by the host governments of Barbados, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago) with a suite of surveillance sensors. To ensure effective utilization of these powerful resources, host countries must be taught the appropriate tactics, techniques, and related doctrine that will lead to a systems approach in their counternarcotics surveillance and interdiction efforts. With appropriate information management protocols in place, these host nation operations will generate surveillance information of import to the U.S. and other donor nations. As C-26 operations mature, the need for optimized spare parts protocols (both airframe and sensor system) will be of increasing importance. An appropriately tailored spare parts protocol could save C-26 user nations as much as 50 percent of the cost of traditional spares packages.

Program AccomplishmentsThe C-26 Support project has given host nations (Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Colombia) their own capability to conduct surveillance, detection and monitoring missions. In addition, Joint Interagency Task Force East (JIATF-E) has been able to schedule the use of the two aircraft from Barbados (used by the Regional Security System) in other parts of the Caribbean as a force multiplier. As a result, JIATF-E has shifted meager USG detection and monitoring assets to critical areas throughout the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific. The program in Barbados also supports the U.S. Coast Guard GANTSEC and British, Dutch and French counternarcotics operations in the Caribbean. For the Barbados program, the following statistics are available for CY 2002.

C-26 Support

• Total number of C-26 counterdrug missions: 285

• Total number of C-26 Mission Hours: 1,105 hrs.

• Average Mission Time: 3.87 hrs.

• Total number of counterdrug events involving suspect vessels detected and monitored with other law enforcement agencies that lead to an end game: 38

• Estimated amount of marijuana seized or shipments disrupted: 10,000 lbs.

• Estimated amount of cocaine seized or shipments disrupted: 3,300 lbs.

The program in Trinidad and Tobago was started more recently. Two aircraft have been modified and delivered to the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard Air Service. Extensive training for the pilots, sensor operators and mechanics is being provided. Counternarcotics surveillance operations will begin in FY 2003 and the program will be in full operation by the end of the calendar year.

The C-26 program in Mexico, operated by the Mexican Air Force, is now beginning to conduct operations after extensive training in both the United States and in Mexico. We have trained over 45 sensor operators, and 9 pilots. This program should be showing result during CY 2003.

FY 2002 Actual	FY 2002 Supp	FY 2003 Estimate	FY 2004 Request
16,000	—	12,200	14,000

International Organizations

Program Objectives and Performance IndicatorsThe integration and coordination of counternarcotics programs with anticrime and, where appropriate, counter-terrorism programs will be refined and improved.

UNDCP

At least three of the United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP) projects funded by the U.S. will have crossover elements involving at least two of the three issues.

There will be an increase in regional coordination and leadership in counternarcotics control efforts.

The majority of UNDCP projects funded by the U.S. will be regional or global in nature, as opposed to country specific.

OAS/CICAD

The Organization of American States (OAS) Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) member states will improve their performance in the fight against narcotics trafficking and reducing drug use.

Technical assistance will be extended to at least a third of OAS member states to address weaknesses identified by the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM), resulting in measurable progress in strengthening national drug commissions and/or strategies, modernizing legislation, or improving the performance of demand- or supply-side program agencies.

The effectiveness of counternarcotics law enforcement institutions will increase as a result of enhanced cooperation in the Western Hemisphere.

Through regional and sub-regional cooperative activities, active cooperation among hemispheric countries on shared criminal threats, such as cross-border or maritime smuggling, money laundering (including terrorist financing), arms trafficking, chemical diversion, drug abuse, and youth gangs will increase.

There will be an increase in regional information exchange.

At least one of the Commission’s hemispheric model laws will be updated.

UN Crime Center

There will be increased integration and coordination of anticrime programs with counternarcotics and, where appropriate, counter-terrorism programs.

International regimes will be enhanced in order to combat and prevent organized crime and corruption, particularly with support from the UN Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and member states to implement the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and its protocols and to bring the Convention Against Corruption into force.

The Convention against Transnational Organized Crime will be in force: technical activities of the UN Crime Center will promote implementation of the Convention.

The Corruption Convention has been completed and is open for signature: the UN Crime Center will construct program to assist requesting states to ratify and implement the Corruption Convention.

Program JustificationThe universal recognition of the close connections among illicit drug trafficking, organized crime, and terrorism after the attacks of September 11, 2001 has changed the way the U.S. and the world look at these phenomena and the approach we take to fighting them. We no longer try to separate them out as three separate and distinct problems, and we do not think that we can successfully defeat them by attacking them only within our own borders. The United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP), as the established leader in international, multilateral counternarcotics efforts, is ideally positioned to work closely with its sister UN organization, the Center for International Crime Prevention (CICP), to provide law enforcement training and technical assistance on intersecting issues, such as money laundering and border security.

UNDCP

U.S. support to a multilateral organization such as the UN complements our bilateral programs and allows us to leverage our funds to gain increased buy-in and support from other countries for our overall anti-narcotics efforts. Through these multilateral programs we are able to address problems on a regional basis and reach areas where it is difficult for the U.S. to operate bilaterally.

OAS/CICAD

Over the past 15 years, U.S. foreign policy has been extremely successful in promoting a strong anti-drug coalition among the countries of the Western Hemisphere. While the OAS has become much more active in anti-terrorism and other security-related matters in the past two years, drug trafficking remains one of the most pressing, shared concerns of the 34 OAS Member States. Therefore, the role of the drug arm of the OAS, the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD), has continued to grow in importance. CICAD has been instrumental in building this solidarity and in moving the 34 OAS member states forward in developing strong national anti-drug programs and policies. Because of its recognized expertise in areas such as money laundering and arms trafficking control, CICAD has been an important player in the hemispheric response to terrorism, partnering with the OAS Committee Against Terrorism (CICTE) to confront terrorist financing.

UN Crime CenterSince the events of September 11, 2001, the United Nations has joined with the U.S. in paying greater heed to the close connection between international terrorism and various manifestations of transnational organized crime, particularly crimes that provide the financial wherewithal to support terrorist acts. There is a need to advance the coordination of efforts at the regional and international levels in order to strengthen the global response to this vital security challenge. Our global counter-terrorism efforts require improvements in the capabilities of other governments to counter transnational, sub-state threats. Given the clear nexus between international organized crime and terrorism – particularly in support of terrorist financing – we must use the UN to leverage improved international efforts to combat these mutual threats. We no longer try to separate them out as three separate and distinct problems, and we do not think that we can successfully defeat them by attacking them only within our own borders. The United Nations Center for International Crime Prevention (CICP), otherwise known as the Crime Center, is the established leader in international, multilateral anticrime efforts and is ideally positioned to work closely with other agencies within the UN system, particularly the UN Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and with other relevant international organizations to provide law enforcement training and technical assistance to combat these interconnecting issues.

U.S. support to Crime Center programs complements our bilateral programs and allows us to leverage our funds to gain increased buy-in and support from other countries for our overall anti-crime efforts. These multilateral programs act as force-multipliers in support of key U.S. objectives, and allow us to better reach areas where it is difficult for the U.S. to operate bilaterally.

Program AccomplishmentsUNDCP has been a leader in the counternarcotics efforts in Afghanistan as it has begun to provide assistance to the Afghanistan government to build its capacity to fight the prevalence of illicit poppy cultivation and drug trafficking. The global program against money laundering has placed mentors in several different regions, and these mentors have been the driving force in pushing through new financial legislation that brought the countries closer to meeting international standards. A special narcotics law enforcement agency in Tajikistan that is fully supported by UNDCP is making significant seizures of illicit drugs entering and transiting that country and received an excellent report recently from a team of independent evaluators. Computer-based training developed by UNDCP initially for one country has been expanded throughout Southeast Asia and is so successful that it is now being developed for Central Asia. At least five separate but coordinated programs to develop data banks to track precursor chemicals are operating in Asia and Latin America at the same time that the programs are training law enforcement officials in this relatively new area. Alternative development programs in Burma and Laos continue to build the capacity of communities to sustain themselves with licit economic opportunities.

UNDCP

Since May 2002, the UNDCP has been under new leadership and a number of management reforms have been implemented. The organization is winning back the confidence of donors as it integrates programs to eliminate overlap and brings transparency to its operations.

OAS/CICADCICAD combines a policy-level commission similar to the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) and a UNDCP-equivalent Secretariat that is headed by a talented and experienced U.S. citizen. The Commission provides a forum for discussion among governments on pressing drug problems and for developing coordinated responses to those problems. Technical sub-groups of CICAD likewise permit valuable exchanges of information and experience among national experts. The Secretariat provides a central resource and coordination point for hemispheric statistics and information, training and technical support, legal standards, national experiences and research. The Secretariat, using funds from INL and other donors, provide a wide array of technical assistance to Member States, some on an individual basis (e.g., national drug strategies) but most often in sub-regional groupings (e.g., Central America, the English-speaking Caribbean, the Andes). At the request of INL and several drug-cultivating countries in South America and the Caribbean, CICAD is also coordinating several multilateral activities in support of Alternative Development, including use of satellite technology to support development programs and research into pests that threaten viable alternative crops (cacao, coffee and banana).

The work of CICAD has been highlighted in the Summit of the Americas process, where heads of state have entrusted CICAD with both the negotiation of the Anti-Drug Strategy of the Americas and an innovative peer review system for evaluating national anti-drug efforts. This Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) provides each country with an objective diagnostic of the weaknesses in its anti-drug strategies, programs and laws. It likewise identifies ways in which the countries can improve regional and international cooperation. These reports help to validate national requirements for technical and material support and are proving helpful to INL and other international donors in prioritizing their counternarcotics assistance programs. The MEM system will continue to report publicly on the problem until it is addressed, keeping pressure on individual governments.

UN Crime CenterThe Crime Center has taken a leading international role in promoting the ratification, accession, and implementation of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) and its three protocols. Working with a pool of international experts from member state governments (including the U.S.) the Center is preparing legislative guides to provide legal advice to countries that need legislative changes for the ratification of the Convention in their national law. The Crime Center is also organizing workshops for law-enforcement practitioners to build capacities through action-oriented training in fighting organized crime and its links with corruption as a first step to prepare the ground for the early implementation of the TOC Convention. The first such workshops were held in Romania and Nigeria in 2002, with additional workshops planned for 2003, including in Ukraine and Indonesia.

With strong U.S. support, the Center has also assumed a leading role in promoting international efforts to combat trafficking in persons, one of the fastest growing and most brutal forms of organized criminal activity. With U.S.-provided funds, the Center is preparing to initiate technical assistance projects in Vietnam, South East Asia, and West Africa.

Using previous-year funds provided by the U.S., the Center initiated in 2002 a preparatory assistance project aimed at providing the required tools for the ratification and implementation of the 12 international conventions targeting terrorism. Aided by a U.S.-funded senior consultant, the Center drafted a set of explanatory materials to serve as guidance notes for legislating and implementing the international instruments pertaining to terrorism, including a checklist for legislators in this field. The Center has also compiled model laws. Examples of relevant legislation are regularly updated to keep abreast of developments in legislating against terrorism. The center has also established a preliminary web page containing examples from national counter-terrorism legislation.

FY 2004 ProgramInternational Organizations (IO) funds will support the UNDCP global program against money laundering. This program places mentors in a country for a year or more to assist them in bringing their laws and regulations up to international financial standards. The program then follows through with training for prosecutors, regulators, investigators and judges to ensure that they understand how to effectively use the legislation. Its work is coordinated with and complimentary to that done by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Funds will also support the global legal advisory program as it continues to provide assistance to ensure that parties to the international drug conventions have adequate laws to enforce the treaties and capacity to do so.

UNDCP

As trafficking in the chemical precursors used to manufacture cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) grows, UNDCP has been at the forefront of developing programs to enable law enforcement officials to track these precursors. Funds will be used to continue our support to several regional tracking projects and to train law enforcement officials. Alternative development for regions that have historically had few legal economic activities are beginning to show progress in areas such as Burma and Laos, and we will continue to support those projects. These are usually long-term programs and require support for many years to turn the community away from the lure of the easy money from illicit crops.

OAS/CICADFY 2004 funding will be used to support the implementation of the Anti-Drug Strategy in the Hemisphere, including the effective operation of the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM). Much of the increase will be devoted to providing technical support and training to address shortcomings in country antidrug programs identified by the MEM. It will also support expansion of increasingly sophisticated CICAD demand-side, supply-side and legal development programs. INL funding will be used to support programs in the following areas.

• Funds will be provided for the operation of the MEM and follow-on technical support to OAS Member States.

• Funding will be provided for demand reduction and youth programs including regional demand reduction training, epidemiological surveillance system support, adoption of minimum standards of drug treatment, treatment training for nurses, an on-line Masters program, and policy and program development for youth gang prevention.

• Funding will be provided for the operation of hemispheric statistical systems, the development of national observatories, and the development and maintenance of data banks to track chemical precursors.

• Funding will be provided for the development of national drug strategies and drug policy coordinating bodies.

• Funding will support legal development, including efforts to update regional model legislation (firearms, money laundering, chemicals), orientation for legislators and judges, and communications systems provided to facilitate regional exchange of information and cooperation.

• Funding will be provided for programs related to the control of money laundering, chemical diversion, and arms trafficking; training for regulators (bank, chemical, weapons) and investigators; and for expansion of port security projects.

UN Crime Center

FY 2004 funds will be used to support efforts to ratify and implement the Convention against Corruption. This project will presumably include pre-ratification legal preparatory assistance and technical support for officials and practitioners to better implement measures called for in the Convention. The U.S. contribution may also support the implementation by foreign countries of the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and supplementary protocols.

International Organizations
INL Budget
($000)

FY 2002 Actual	FY 2002 Supp	FY 2003 Estimate	FY 2004 Request
5,000	—	5,000	5,000

¹Prior to FY 2004, INL contributions to the Crime Center were made from the INL Anticrime Programs account.

Drug Awareness & Demand Reduction

Budget Summary ($000)

Program Objectives and Performance IndicatorsSelect foreign countries will be able to apply best practices and new prevention/treatment technologies that are scientifically sound and effective at both the national and community level.

One training conference and ten workshops will be conducted to promote skill development in prevention methods related to evidence-based models of prevention.

One training conference and ten workshops will be conducted to promote skill development in treatment methods related to evidence-based models of treatment.

Two parent drug-corps programs each will be established in Latin America and Asia.

Two drug-free communities programs each will be established in Latin America and Asia.

INL will have in place regional-level capabilities for better dissemination and utilization of best practices and scientific knowledge about effective prevention and treatment technologies.

An addiction technology transfer center for the Asia/Pacific region will be established.

Support for technical assistance provided by the Eastern European Institute for Substance Abuse to three Russian countries will be extended.

The number of Latin American students trained in the Colombian and Brazilian sub-regional demand reduction academies will increase by 50 percent.

The international community will be better educated about U.S. policies, programs, and successes in combating drug abuse.

Four regional-level seminars will be provided in collaboration with the White House on U.S. policies and programs to combat drug use.

Multilateral alliances will be established to build public support and political will to combat drug trafficking and abuse, develop support for U.S. foreign anti-drug policies and initiatives, and improve America’s image overseas.

There will be an increase in membership in the Global Drug Prevention Network by 500 overseas drug prevention programs or individuals.

There will be an increase in membership in the Western Hemisphere Drug Prevention Network of the Americas by 250 programs or individuals.

The faith-based network of Muslim anti-drug programs in the South/Southeast Asian region will be expanded to 400 programs or individuals.

An International Community Anti-Drug Coalition Institute will be created to provide global technical assistance on forming effective community anti-drug coalitions.

International program accomplishments and lessons learned will be utilized to benefit both U.S. and foreign demand reduction services.

Three international drug prevention best-practices research studies will be conducted and disseminated.

Two international drug-treatment best practices research studies will be conducted and disseminated.

A long-term, outcome-based evaluation of INL demand reduction training in Peru will be completed and disseminated.

Program JustificationThe Demand Reduction program seeks to reduce the worldwide demand for illicit drugs by motivating foreign governments and institutions into giving increased attention to the negative effects of drug abuse on society.

Demand reduction efforts aim to reduce the use and abuse of illicit drugs worldwide. The need for demand reduction is reflected in escalating drug use that takes a devastating toll on the health, welfare, security, and economic stability of all countries. In addition, profits from drug distribution are a major source of funding for terrorist organizations. Foreign countries recognize the vast U.S. experience and efforts in reducing drug demand and increasingly request technical and other assistance from the USG to address their problems. Assisting countries to reduce drug consumption helps in an important way to preserve the stability of that country and cut off a major source of terrorist financing. On the other hand, INL support for public/private networks (national and regional) of demand reduction programs helps facilitate support for overall USG counter-narcotics policies in foreign countries. This involves the development of community coalitions of private/public social institutions, the faith community, civil society, and law enforcement entities to implement strong counter-narcotics policies and programs, in addition to improving America’s image overseas. Lastly, foreign countries are collaborating with the USG on developing model research-based programs to improve the delivery of prevention/treatment services and reduce drug-related violence among youth.

Program AccomplishmentsAs a result of INL-funded training and technical assistance, foreign governments are engaging their own national institutions, communities, and resources to address demand for illicit drugs. In Thailand, with INL-funded training, the Department of Health established over 200 treatment centers to address the growing epidemic of methamphetamine abuse. The Philippines Bureau of Corrections instituted drug intervention programs in over 50 institutions covering over 4,000 drug-addicted inmates daily. Furthermore, St Petersburg, Russia established a citywide services delivery system consisting of intake, outreach, outpatient and residential treatment programs. Governments in South America continue to implement their own national-level, counter-narcotics media campaigns: local media advertisers and businesses in Chile, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Uruguay contributed nearly $250 million to counternarcotics media advertisements since the programs inception in 1996. INL technical assistance resulted in the creation of an Eastern European Institute for Substance Abuse Prevention in the Czech Republic that services seven additional countries. Also, an Addiction Technology Transfer Center that disseminates best practice information to seven Southeast Asian countries was established in Thailand. Finally, public/private sector demand reduction networks significantly increased membership in the Western Hemisphere to 3,500 organizations and internationally to 7,000 organizations from over 70 countries.

FY 2004 ProgramINL-funded training will continue to strengthen host nation counter-narcotics institutions so that they can conduct more effective demand reduction and public awareness programs on their own. The program will give particular attention to cocaine producing and transit countries in Latin America, address the recurring methamphetamine abuse problem in Southeast Asia, and address the heroin threat for Asia and Colombia. An expanded area of focus will be the Middle East and South Asia where over 400 Muslim-based antidrug programs are members of the global INL drug prevention network. INL will increase support to its sub-regional demand reduction academies in Brazil and Colombia with the aim of increasing the number of students trained at the centers by 50 percent. INL will enhance the services provided by the Prague-based Eastern European Institute for Substance Abuse Prevention to surrounding countries in the region, including Russia. INL will also maintain support for the Bangkok-based Addiction Technology Transfer Center for the Southeast Asian region. These activities will be undertaken in collaboration with other donor countries and international organizations to reflect an emphasis on increased multilateral activities.

The FY 2004 training and technical assistance program will be designed to prevent the onset of use, to intervene at critical decision points in the lives of at-risk populations to prevent initial use and further use, and to improve effective treatment and prevention programs. The program will expand its emphasis on the development of national, regional, and international coalitions of public/private sector organizations to strengthen international opinion and actions against the drug trade and to strengthen America’s image overseas. Programs will continue to facilitate cross-cultural, comparative research to directly benefit foreign and U.S.-based demand reduction programs. The results of this research will be a compilation of best-practices and lessons learned from organizations in selected countries that have developed successful demand reduction programs, both INL- and self-funded. INL will support five international drug treatment and prevention best-practices research studies that provide detailed descriptions of successful local innovations that can be replicated worldwide.

The Demand Reduction Program budget will also support the enhancement of the ability of foreign countries to build public support and strengthen political will to implement strong antidrug programs. Training will emphasize the development of national-level drug awareness campaigns that demonstrate connections between the drug trade, terrorism, and other concerns such as economic growth, democracy, and the environment. On the national level, technical assistance will target the enhancement of the six existing private sector media partnerships for drug prevention education in Latin America. It will support government efforts to conduct and sustain drug awareness campaigns by building linkages between the corporate sector and the mass media.

The Demand Reduction program budget request will also accommodate the increased need for enhancing national, regional and international coalitions of civil society/grassroots organizations to mobilize international opinion against the drug trade, encourage governments to develop and implement strong anti-drug policies and programs, and improve America’s image overseas. With INL support, an International Community Anti-Drug Coalition Institute will be established to provide training and technical assistance to key leaders on forming and sustaining effective drug-free community coalitions.

INL support will allow membership in the Western Hemisphere Drug Prevention Network of the Americas to increase by 250 programs or individuals, and the Global Drug Prevention Network to increase by 500 the number of its affiliated programs or individual members. INL funds will expand the Colombo Plan’s regional network of Muslim, faith-based demand reduction organizations in South and Southeast Asia. Given the priority on improving America’s image and relations with Muslim countries, these networks provide INL with a unique opportunity to deliver services in regions critical to the U.S. for cooperation in the worldwide coalition against terrorism.

At the grassroots level, the program will continue to help establish and sustain strong community partnerships and coalitions of public/private sector programs for drug prevention, expand community mobilization efforts against drugs, and create or enhance effective community- and school-based prevention programs. A goal of strong community-based partnerships is to establish demand reduction programs that address drug-related crime and violence and support national policies.

The demand from foreign countries for INL-sponsored technical assistance on drug prevention programming continues to increase rapidly. Membership in INL-sponsored international and regional demand reduction networks has expanded exponentially, and initial findings from INL-funded research shows potential to directly enhance U.S.-based programs. Increased funding will allow us to better mobilize international opinion and cooperation against the drug trade, encourage governments to develop and implement strong anti-drug policies and programs, and strengthen support for USG counter-narcotics policies and initiatives.