U.S. Department of State

References are to document numbers

Acheson, Dean, 19, 31, 33
Agrarian reform. See Land reform program.
Air Force, U.S., 120, 159
Aldana Sandoval, Col. Carlos, 2, 5
Alfaro, Adolfo, 122
Allen, Harry H., 73
Alvarado, Humberto, 130
Alvarado Jerez, Carlos, 130
Alvarez Vidaurre, 223
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 255
Anderson, Robert B., 195
Anti-communism (see also Psychological warfare):

Catholic Church, 6, 131, 133, 134, 136
CIA estimates, 2, 133
National Intelligence Estimates, 6

Anti-Communist Party of Guatemala, 2
Arana, Col. Francisco, 6, 148
Arbenz, Maria Vilanova de, 77
Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo (see also Arbenz Guzman overthrow plans; Guatemalan political situation; Land reform program):

Departure, 252
On Guatemalan Army, 184
Illness rumors, 2, 5
Political orientation, 2, 6, 27, 33, 130

Arbenz Guzman overthrow plans (see also Operation PBFORTUNE; Operation PBSUCCESS):

Opposition groups, 57
Overviews, 1, 3
Simmons, 7, 10, 14

Arenas, Jos? Luis, 106
Ares y Valladares, Manuel Jos?, 57
Ar?valo, Juan Jos?, 6, 27, 33, 35
Argentina, 37
Armstrong, W. Park, 34
Army. See Guatemalan Army.
Ascham, Robert A. See Dulles, Allen.
Assassination plans:

Operation PBFORTUNE, 5, 20
Operation PBSUCCESS, 113, 119, 131, 151, 164, 166, 167

Baez Bone, Alberto, 122
Baez Bone, Luis, 122
Baldanza, Stephen, 236
Baldocchi, Archie, 93
Balmer, Gen., 74
Bannister, Earl D., 173, 193, 210, 226, 266, 284, 285
Barnes, Tracy:

Operation PBSUCCESS, 135

Air support, 215
Defection program, 191
Psychological warfare, 169, 171
Review briefing, 281
State Department discussions, 113, 116

Toriello statements, 49
U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50

Barrios Klee, Waldemar, 130
Barrios Pena, Col. Roberto, 56, 57, 106
Barrios Solares, Col. Jorge, 57, 285
Barzanallana, Col., 153
Bernardino, F?lix W., 18
Bernau, Phyllis, 189, 195
Berry, J. Lampton:

Operation PBSUCCESS, 44, 113
Peurifoy briefing, 45
Toriello statements, 49, 50, 53
U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50

Bissell, Richard M.:

Operation PBSUCCESS, 253

Air support, 211, 213, 215, 232, 233
Castillo Armas military action, 214
Contact reports, 135
U.S. military aid to Nicaragua, 180

Bolivia, 37
Brazil, 37
Bruce, David K. E., 21, 22, 23, 26
Bull, Lt. Gen. Harold R., 132
Burkett, Maj., 20
Burnette, Cyrus E., 173

Cabell, Gen. Charles P.:

Operation PBSUCCESS, 40, 44, 52, 54, 206, 265, 266
U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 56

Cabot, John M., 61, 63, 72, 73, 77, 79
Cadick, Irving G. (pseudonym), 164, 201, 247, 259
Calligeris, John H. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
Canessa, Roberto, 130, 223
Carias Andino, Tiburcio, 7
Carroll, John, 9
Casadei, Giuseppe, 130
Casado, Marciano, 4
Castillo Armas, Carlos (see also Castillo Armas organization; Operation PBFORTUNE; Operation PBSUCCESS):

Bernardino meeting, 18
CIA estimates, 1, 2, 41, 51, 133, 148
CIA reports, 3, 4, 7, 62
Invasion/revolt plans (June, 1953), 38
Operation PBFORTUNE termination, 24, 25, 30
Post-operation political situation, 282, 284, 285
Somoza meetings, 16, 76
U.S. communications, 84, 88, 106, 107, 109, 135

Castillo Armas organization (see also Operation PBSUCCESS):

CIA estimates, 133
CIA reports, 62
Guatemalan Army and, 38, 47, 199
Military capabilities, 32, 38, 47, 51
Psychological warfare and, 51, 61
United Fruit Company support for, 57

Castillo Flores, Leonardo, 130
Catholic Church:

Anti-communism, 6, 33, 131, 133, 134, 136
CIA estimates, 51
Missionary assignment to Guatemala, 9
Psychological warfare and, 32, 100, 136

Cazali Avila, C?sar Augusto, 130
Centeno, Carlos. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
CEUA, 80, 285
Ceuage, 61
Charnaud MacDonald, Augusto, 27, 130, 162, 202
Ch?vez, Maj., 7
Ch?vez Nackman, Ricardo, 2
Chinchilla, Carlos Samayoa, 57
Cifuentes, Carlos, 285
CLOWER, 264
Cobar, Oscar, 285
Committee for the Liberation of Guatemala, 61
Communist activities in Guatemala (see also Guatemalan political situation):

CIA estimates, 2, 27, 32, 33, 130, 132, 133
Operation PBHISTORY, 264, 283, 286
Schoenfeld reports, 34, 60
United Fruit Company and, 2, 7

Conde, Oscar, 142
Contreras, Francisco, 93, 130
Corcoran, Thomas (see also United Fruit Company), 9, 20, 178, 279
Cordova Cerna, Juan, 4, 13
Coronado Lira, Luis, 284, 285
Costa Rica:

Exile groups in, 2
Nicaraguan relations with, 140
Political situation, 31, 56
U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37

Cowden, 101
Cruz, Col. Jos? Luis, 257, 263

Delgado, 88, 90, 92, 148
Dennison, Rear Adm. Robert L., 2
Diaz, Col. Carlos Enrique, 131, 193

CIA estimates, 4, 133, 252
Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta, 249, 255, 256

Dominican Republic, 1, 16, 17, 18, 31, 285
DTFROGS. See El Salvador.
Duarte, Lt. Guillermo, 122
Dubois, Jules, 145, 147
Dubois, Col. Mauricio, 257
Dulles, Allen:

Communist activities in Guatemala, 132, 133
Guatemalan constitutional guarantee suspension, 174
Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 156, 158
Operation PBFORTUNE, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26
Operation PBSUCCESS:

Air support, 203, 204, 206, 208, 217, 222, 225
Assassination plans, 164
Authorization for, 52, 75
British freighter attack, 252
Budget, 54
Castillo Armas military action, 214, 220, 229, 230, 241
Chief of Station instructions, 78, 94
Closing, 278
ERRATIC role, 235, 242
Guatemalan Army defection program, 177, 179, 186, 188, 200, 204, 220
Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198
Operation PBHISTORY, 264
Pre-D-Day action proposals, 161, 183
Program, 66, 67
Progress reports, 175
Review briefing, 281
Security compromises, 85, 94
State Department discussions, 72, 116
United Fruit Company and, 245, 248
Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266

Operation WASHTUB, 144, 147
Political situation in Guatemala, 234, 260

Air support and, 251
Castillo Armas role, 247, 250, 267, 272
Diaz role, 244, 250
D?az/S?nchez/Monzon junta, 255, 263
Monzon/Cruz/Dubois junta, 258, 261, 263, 267
Nicaraguan position, 271

United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196
U.S.-Guatemalan relations, 36, 53, 70

Economic sanctions, 36, 66, 189

U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 66

Dulles, John Foster, 187, 261, 273

Economic sanctions on Guatemala, 189
Operation PBSUCCESS, 72, 116, 195, 252
United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196

Dunbar, Jerome C., 277

Communist activities in Guatemala, 130
Operation PBSUCCESS, 76, 78, 94, 101, 112, 176
Psychological warfare, 136, 155, 181

DYMAROON, 14, 19

Earman, J. S., 2
Ecuador, 172
Edson, Gen., 20
Edwards, Col., 42
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 77, 196
El Salvador:

Communist activities, 130
Exile groups in, 2
Guatemalan relations with, 27, 184
Operation PBSUCCESS, 115, 126, 230, 261, 263, 267
State Department paper, 37
U.S. military aid to, 47, 50

General Plan of Action on, 51
JCS approval, 59, 61, 63, 66
Proposals, 41
State Department and, 37, 77

ERRATIC, 117, 230, 235, 242
ESAGE, 222
ESCOBILLA, 284, 285
ESCONSON, 222
ESGAIN, 285
ESODIC-1, 285
Espe, Adm., 121
ESPERANCE, 222
ESQUIRE, 157, 175, 177, 185, 186, 193, 210, 222, 284
ESSENCE, 136, 260, 284
Esterline, Jacob D.:

Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 128
Operation PBSUCCESS, 90, 103, 115, 140, 243

ESTIMATOR, 222
Estrada, Col. Antonio, 285
Estrada de la Hoz, Julio, 6, 130

Fanjul, Roberto, 27
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 66
Figueres, Jos?, 31, 56
Fisher, 57
Fisher, John W., 132
Flinn, Dennis, 113
Flores Amador, Armando, 130
Flores, Lic. Victor Ramiro, 57
Fortuny, Jos? Manuel, 33, 34, 130
Franco, Maj. Marco Antonio, 130
Franco y Franco, Julio, 130

Galbond, Oliver G. See King, Col. J. Caldwell.
Galvez, Juan Manuel (see also Honduras):

Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 13
Operation PBSUCCESS, 106, 112, 126, 127

Garcia, Capt. Marco Antonio, 130
Garcia, Col. Julio Pablo, 57
Garcia Granados, Jorge, 284
General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers (CGTG), 6, 33, 35, 130
GIMMICK, 134
GINSENG, 134
Giron, Col. Luis A., 133
Givloch, Kenneth S., 82
Gleijeses, Piero, 143
Godoy, Antonio, 242
Goicolea, Domingo, 285
Goicolea, Hector, 285
Greenberg, 39
Gruson, Sidney, 182
Guatemalan Army (see also Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS):

Castillo Armas invasion/revolt plans (June 1953) and, 38
CIA estimates, 51
National Intelligence Estimates, 6

Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS (see also Alternate leader role and Defection program under Operation PBSUCCESS):

Air support and, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 211, 219
Arbenz Guzman loyalty and, 184
Castillo Armas military action and, 214, 216, 220, 241
Castillo Armas organization and, 38, 47, 199
CIA estimates, 132, 133, 220
Constitutional guarantee suspension and, 174
Garrison commander shifts and, 32
Monzon role, 79, 83, 86, 133
Operation PBSUCCESS timing and, 190
Page departure, 177, 179
Page doubts, 165, 173
Page return, 188, 191, 194
Peurifoy role, 129, 168
Pre-D-Day action proposals and, 167
Psychological warfare and, 141, 181
Security compromises, 85, 173
Soviet bloc arms purchases and, 156, 184
U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37
U.S. military missions and, 69, 74, 159

Guatemalan economic situation, 2, 6, 27, 33
Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
Guatemalan political situation (see also Communist activities in Guatemala):

Castillo Armas role (see also Alternate leader role under Operation PBSUCCESS), 269, 270, 272, 273

Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta and, 247, 250
El Salvador meeting and, 261, 267
Monzon/Cruz/Dubois junta and, 257, 258
Nicaraguan position, 271
Pre-operation plans for future government, 97
U.S. control, 268
U.S. good offices request and, 249

Cessation of hostilities, 259, 260
CIA estimates, 2, 12, 27, 32, 51
Constitutional guarantee suspension, 173, 174
Diaz role, 244, 246, 250, 249, 253, 260
Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta, 256, 249, 250, 255, 263
El Salvador meeting, 261, 267
Military revolt (August 1954), 282
Monzon/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267
National Intelligence Estimates, 6
Peurifoy role, 45, 131, 275
Post-operation, 282, 284, 285
Pre-operation plans for future government, 96, 97, 111, 163, 185, 223
Resignation of Arbenz, 256
U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37

Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 128

Guatemalan Army defection program and, 156, 184
Intelligence reports, 150, 153
OAS meeting discussion, 170
Psychological warfare and, 99, 102, 121
Sabotage, 150, 154, 158, 162
State Department position, 33, 121, 170
State Department support for United Fruit Company and, 169, 171, 172
Willauer role, 152

Guerra, Virgilio, 130
Guti?rrez, Victor Manuel, 33, 130, 131

Haden, Allen, 237
Hagerty, James, 273
Hedden, Stuart, 9, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23
Hediger, Donald, 55, 61, 63, 115
Helms, Richard:

Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 15
Operation PBSUCCESS, 68, 78
U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69

Hennig, Col., 132
Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 189
Hill, John C., 79
Hinton, Ralph, 236, 237
Hirsch, Richard, 60
Holland, Henry F.:

Appointment, 113
Communist activities in Guatemala, 132
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 170, 172
Operation PBSUCCESS, 124, 170, 172, 195, 272

Honduras:

Communist activities, 32, 130
Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 13
Operation PBSUCCESS, 106, 112, 115, 126, 127, 218
Political situation, 56, 135
U.S. ambassador, 50, 53
U.S. military aid to, 47

General Plan of Action on, 51
Intelligence activities and, 120
JCS approval, 59, 61, 63, 66
Proposals, 41
State Department and, 37, 77

Hurtado, Charles, 237

Ibarra Mayorga, Francisco, 122
Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC), 221
International Railways of Central America (IRCA), United Fruit Company control, 6

Jerez de Fortuny, Mar?a, 130
JMBLUG. See Peurifoy, John E.
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 58, 59, 61, 63, 66
Joyce, Robert P., 21, 22
JULEP, 3

Kennedy, Paul, 142
King, Col. J. Caldwell:

Communist activities in Guatemala, 2, 94
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 128
Operation PBFORTUNE, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29
Operation PBSUCCESS:

Authorization for, 52, 54, 75
Chief of Station instructions, 55, 78, 94
Communications, 82, 95
Defection program, 118
Field case officer discussions, 46
Guatemalan accusations, 114
Honduran support, 112
Jurisdictional issues, 81
Nicaraguan support, 76
Security compromises, 101, 103, 108
State Department discussions, 72, 79, 113, 116
U.S. aid, 41
U.S.-Castillo Armas coordination, 107
U.S. military missions in Guatemala and, 77
U.S. personnel, 42, 44, 68, 72

Peurifoy briefing, 45
Psychological warfare, 80, 142
United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 279
U.S.-Guatemalan relations:

Economic sanctions, 71, 72
Toriello statements, 49, 50
U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69, 77

U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 37, 50, 51, 72

KMFLUSH. See Nicaragua.
K-Program. See Defection program under Operation PBSUCCESS; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS.
Krieg, William L., 79, 83, 86
Kubes, 86
KUGOWN. See Psychological warfare.
Kyes, 56, 58, 66

Labor movement, 163

CIA estimates, 6, 135
Communist activities and, 2, 6, 33, 130, 132
Defection program, 118

Land reform program, 12, 27, 34, 35, 97, 111

Communist activities and, 130
United Fruit Company and, 39, 49, 50

Langevin, Paul D. See Phillips, David Atlee.
LCPANGS. See Costa Rica.
Leddy, Raymond G.:

Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 172
Operation PBSUCCESS, 42, 44, 77, 113
Toriello statements, 49, 50
U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61

LIONIZER, 80
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 236
Lugton, Stephen R., 82, 112
Luna, Carlos A., 57
Lynade, Pinckney E. See Bissell, Richard M.

Magoffin, Francis D., 140, 144, 147
Mallek, Franklin D., 223
Mann, Thomas C., 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 42, 44
Mara, Col. Neil, 11, 14, 31
Marmol, Miguel, 130
Marroquin Rojas, Clemente, 133
Martinez, Maj. Alfonso, 27, 111, 130

Soviet bloc arms purchases, 99, 102, 153

Martinez Del Rosal, Gabriel, 285
Martinez Reyes, Juan, 122
Matthews, H. Freeman, 23
Meany, George, 255
Mendoza, Lt. Guillermo, 285
Mendoza, Oscar, 4
Mexico, 2, 29, 37, 182
Military. See Guatemalan Army; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS.
Miller, Edward G., 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32
Montenegro Paniagua, Carlos, 224
Montes, Col. Rivas, 32
Montgomery, Joe, 279
Monzon, Col. Elfego:

CIA estimates, 133
Operation PBFORTUNE, 4
Operation PBSUCCESS, 79, 83, 86

Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta, 249, 250, 255, 256, 263
Monzon/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267

Morales, Col. Jos? Luis, 130
Morazan, Francisco, 32
Morgan, George A., 40
Mullen, Maj. Gen. Charles, 115
Murphy, Edmund, 236, 237

Nash, 56
National Intelligence Estimates:

NIE-62, "Present Political Situation in Guatemala and Possible Developments During 1952," 6
NIE-70, "Conditions and Trends in Latin America Affecting US Security," 34
NIE-84, "Probable Developments in Guatemala," 37, 47, 51, 132, 133

National Security Council (NSC):

NSC 144, "U.S. Policy With Respect to Latin America," 36, 51
United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196

Nicaragua (see also Somoza, Anastasio):

Communist activities, 130
Costa Rican relations with, 140
Duarte affair, 137
Guatemala invasion/revolt plans, 11, 14, 19, 32
Guatemalan post-operation political situation, 285
Operation PBFORTUNE:

Security compromises, 24, 27
Support for, 1, 7, 12, 17

Operation PBSUCCESS, support for, 32, 43, 46, 115, 271

Air support and, 209
Castillo Armas-Somoza meetings, 76
Covert communication, 105
Guatemalan international appeals and, 218
Psychological warfare and, 110
Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
Termination proposals and, 127

Operation WASHTUB (Soviet bloc arms discovery), 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
U.S. military aid to, 47, 50, 72, 180

General Plan of Action on, 51
JCS approval, 58, 59, 61, 63, 66
Negotiations, 56
Operation PBSUCCESS victory and, 276
Proposals, 41
State Department and, 37, 77

Niederheitman, Col. Ernesto, 285

Octubre, 2
ODACID. See Embassy personnel roles under Operation PBSUCCESS; Peurifoy, John E.
ODUNIT. See Air Force, U.S.
Oliva, Col. Francisco, 4, 285
Ontrich, Matthew H., 125, 126, 137, 248, 270
Operation PBFORTUNE (see also Operation PBSUCCESS), 2, 12

Assassination plans, 5, 19
Background, 2, 4
Chronology, 22
CIA plans, 7, 8
CIA report, 20
Dominican Republic support, 1, 16, 17, 18
Honduran support, 7, 12
Nicaraguan support, 1, 7, 12, 16
Psychological warfare, 7, 14
Security compromises, 15, 24, 26
Simmons invasion/revolt plans and, 10
State Department and, 1, 21, 23, 24
Truman administration discussions, 1
U.S. aid, 12, 13, 14, 19
U.S. termination, 1, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30

Operation PBHISTORY, 264, 283, 286
Operation PBSUCCESS (see also Castillo Armas organization; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS; Psychological warfare):

Air support, 206, 209, 216, 251, 256

Alternate leader role and, 193, 199, 200, 204, 208, 210, 213
Authorization, 215, 217, 219, 233
Government reactions and, 229
Guatemalan Army defection program and, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 211, 219
Guatemalan Army reactions, 226
Operational review, 274
Peurifoy position, 208, 227, 232
Pilots, 212, 233
Results, 222, 225, 226

Alternate leader role, 185, 234, 243

Air support and, 193, 199, 200, 204, 208, 210, 213
Embassy statement proposal, 205
Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198, 199
Negotiations, 186
Page position, 177
Policy guidance, 185
Timing and, 197

Arbenz Guzman departure, 252
Assassination plans, 113, 119, 131, 151, 164, 166, 167
Authorization for, 40, 52, 54, 66, 75
British freighter attack, 252
Budget, 40, 51, 54, 64, 115, 287
Cadick field command, 201
Campesino role, 111, 192
Castillo Armas arrival, 262
Castillo Armas military action, 202

Government reactions, 229
Guatemalan Army response, 214, 216, 220, 241
Operational review, 274
Peurifoy position, 227
Psychological warfare and, 224, 245
Salvadoran reactions, 230

Castillo Armas military capabilities, 32, 38, 47, 51
Castillo Armas "moving" report, 195
Chief of Station instructions, 55, 78, 94
CIA responsibility assumption, 287
Closing, 278
Communications, 82, 84, 95, 135, 274
Contact reports, 135
Defection program (see also Alternate leader role above), 51, 111, 115, 116, 118, 129, 168
Directives summary, 63
Embassy personnel roles, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 135, 137, 168, 205
ERRATIC role, 117, 230, 235, 242
Field case officer discussions, 46
General Plan of Action, 51, 52, 54, 84
Guatemalan accusations, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 93, 114, 133
Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198, 199
Guatemalan internal support, 47, 46, 48, 77, 84
Guatemalan international appeals, 172, 218, 221, 236, 237
Honduran support, 106, 112, 115, 126, 127, 218
International society formation proposal, 52
Jurisdictional issues, 81
Leaflet drop proposals, 131, 137, 138, 160, 167, 170
Liberation committee proposal, 116
Meany letter, 254
Media reactions, 221, 245
Military planning, 61, 84, 133
Nicaraguan-Costa Rican relations and, 140
Nicaraguan support, 32, 43, 46, 115

Air support and, 209
Castillo Armas-Somoza meetings, 76
Covert communication, 105
Guatemalan international appeals and, 218
Psychological warfare and, 110
Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
Termination proposals and, 127

Operational review, 274
Operation PBHISTORY and, 264, 283, 286
Peurifoy reports, 131
Pre-D-Day action proposals, 131, 137, 151, 161, 176, 183
Program, 65, 66, 67, 68
Progress reports, 61, 133, 167, 175
Proposals, 41
Review briefing, 281
Salvadoran support, 115, 126
Security clearances, 72
Security compromises:

Castillo Armas military action and, 202
Guatemalan Army defection program and, 85, 173
Guatemalan White Paper and, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 93, 94
Seekford, 93, 93, 101, 108
SEMANTIC, 175, 176
Trinidad Oliva arrest, 98
U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 7, 107, 109

State Department discussions, 42, 44, 72, 77, 79, 113, 115, 116, 170, 172
Termination proposals, 127, 133
Timing, 47, 46, 51, 110, 190, 197, 274
United Fruit Company and, 97, 163, 178, 240, 245, 248
U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 84, 88, 106, 107, 109, 135
U.S. civilian evacuation, 228, 239
U.S. exposure concerns, 113, 115, 133, 160
U.S. good offices request, 250, 249
U.S. military missions and, 77, 135, 139
U.S. personnel, 42, 44, 51, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72
Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266
Ydigoras Fuentes role, 104

Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 58, 59, 61
Operation WASHTUB, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
Ordonez Paniagua, Ramiro, 2
Ordway. See Cabell, Gen. Charles P.
Oreliano Cardona, Manuel, 98
Orellana, Manuel, 285
Organization of American States (OAS):

Caracas conference, 87, 109, 113, 115
Ecuadorian position, 172
Guatemalan appeals, 218, 221, 237
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchase discussions, 170
Guatemalan White Paper and, 89
Sanctions proposals, 133, 172
U.S. conference threats, 51
U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37

Organized labor. See Labor movement.
Osorio, Oscar (see also El Salvador), 126, 230
Otilio Hasbun, Manuel, 130

Page, Graham L., 129, 165, 168, 173

Defection program overview, 118
Departure, 177, 179
Return, 188, 191, 194

Paiz, Julio Federico, 62
Paiz Herrara, Federico. See Paiz, Julio Federico.
Panama, 31
PANCHO. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
Parinello de Leon, Col. Enrique, 133
Paz Tejada, Col. Carlos, 2, 4, 27, 130
PBFORTUNE. See Operation PBFORTUNE.
PBSUCCESS. See Operation PBSUCCESS.
Pedro, Don, 104
Pellecer, Carlos Manuel, 130, 131
Pereira, Francisco, 130
P?rez, Col. Manuel de Jes?s, 285
Peurifoy, John E.:

Appointment, 44
Briefing, 45
Guatemalan political situation, 131
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 152, 158, 162
Operation PBSUCCESS:

Air support, 208, 227, 232
Castillo Armas military action, 220
Defection program, 118, 129, 168, 208, 220
Good offices request, 250, 249
Leaflet drop proposals, 131, 137
Media reactions, 221
Role in, 129, 137, 266
State Department discussions, 79
U.S. civilian evacuation, 228
U.S. military missions in Guatemala and, 139
Victory congratulations, 266

Political situation in Guatemala, 275, 284

Castillo Armas role, 270
Diaz meeting, 244, 250
Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta, 256, 256, 263
Monzon/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 263

Pivall, Vincent C., 103, 274
Playdon, William. See Barnes, Tracy.
Ponce, Gen. Federico, 6
Prios Socorates, Carlos, 32
Propaganda. See Psychological warfare.
Psychological warfare (PW):

Cabot speech (Oct. 1953) and, 61, 63
Castillo Armas military action and, 224, 245
Castillo Armas organization and, 51, 61
Catholic Church and, 32, 100, 136
Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta and, 247
Directives summary, 63
Guatemalan Army defection program and, 141, 181
Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 169, 171, 172
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases and, 99, 102, 121
Guatemalan suppression, 142
Guatemalan White Paper and, 89
Intra-program conflicts, 80
Operational review, 274
Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 14
Operation PBSUCCESS assets, 133
Operation PBSUCCESS overview, 32, 51
Operation WASHTUB and, 155
Policy guidance, 181
Progress reports, 61, 110
SHERWOOD program, 110, 115, 135, 171
Toriello statements and, 49
U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 88, 109
USIA circular telegrams, 236, 237
USIA report, 280

Putzeys, Guillermo, 57
PW. See Psychological warfare.

Raine, Philip, 237
Ramirez, Gen., 32
Ramirez, Arturo, 2
Ramirez, Miguel Angel, 89
Razmara, Eliot P., 61
Restrepo, Julio. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
Revolution of 1944, 6
Rios, Adan Manrique, 285
Rivas Montes, Jorge, 89, 122
Robertson, William, 115
Robleto, Hernan, 122
Rogers, Penny, 93
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 172
Roosevelt, Kermit, 54, 137, 139
Rossell y Arellano Monsenor Mariano, 100
RUFUS. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.

SAFFRON-1, 126
Saillant, Louis, 2
Salama incident (1953), 1, 10, 41, 51
Salazar, Carlos, 285
Salazar Liquens, Enrique, 285
Sanchez, 135
Sanchez, N., 115
Sanchez Barillas, Lt. Col. Jos? Angel, 175

Alternate leader role and, 193
CIA estimates, 133
Diaz/Sanchez/Monzon junta, 256, 249, 250, 255, 263
Junta plans (1952), 4
Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 153

Sancho (pseudonym), 118
Sandoval, Mario, 284, 285
Saqueda, Ra?l, 103
Sauer, Adm., 20, 23
Schoenfeld, Rudolf E., 34, 39, 60
Secaira, 148
SECANT, 89, 93, 183
Seekford, Jacob R., 18, 29, 76

Psychological warfare, 80
Security compromises, 93, 93, 101, 108

SEMANTIC, 173, 175, 176
SEQUIN, 92
Serrano, Adan, 285
Sevilla Sacassa, Guillermo, 19
Shannon, 44, 68
SHERWOOD, 110, 115, 135, 171
Sierra, Capt. Ra?l, 92, 93
Simmons, Carlos, 1, 7
SKILLET. See Willauer, Whiting.
SMILAX, 165, 175
Smith, 51
Smith, Gen., 9,  42, 44, 49, 70
Smith, Col. Brad, 74
Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell, 72
SOCCER, 129
Somoza, Anastasio (see also Nicaragua):

Conspiracy against, 122
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchase and, 102
Operation PBFORTUNE, 1, 7, 12, 16, 17, 24, 27
Operation PBSUCCESS, 32, 43, 76, 127
Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
Operation WASHTUB, 143, 144, 145, 146
Truman administration discussions, 1, 11

Somoza, Col. Tachito, 16, 24, 26, 75, 92
Sosa, Carlos, 285
Soviet bloc (see also Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases), 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
Soviet Union, 33, 236, 237
Spalding, 22
STANDEL. See Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo.
STANDEL-1, 193, 244, 246, 249, 250, 260, 263
Starke. See Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell.
State Department:

Castillo Armas "moving" report, 195
Communist activities in Guatemala, 132
Dulles statement (June 15, 1954), 187
Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 231, 232
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 153, 170

United Fruit Company claims and, 169, 171, 172

Operation PBFORTUNE, 1, 21, 23, 24
Operation PBSUCCESS, 272, 273

CIA discussions, 42, 44, 72, 77, 79, 113, 115, 116, 170, 172
Termination proposals, 127

Toriello statements and, 49, 50
U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 37, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61, 78

Streibert, Theodore, 236, 237
Suarez Rivas, Guillermo, 122
SUMAC, 227, 229, 244
SUMAC-2. See Sanchez Barillas, Lt. Col. Jos? Angel.
SWALLOW, 168, 173, 175, 194, 210, 251

Taracena, Eduardo, 284
Tercero Lacayo, Jos? Maria, 122
Tofte, Hans V., 20, 49, 50

Operation PBSUCCESS, 47, 46, 52, 54, 64, 74

Toledano, Vicente Lombardo, 2
Toriello, Guillermo:

Acheson meeting, 32
Critical statements by, 49, 50
As defection target, 116
Eisenhower meeting, 77
Guatemalan-Salvadoran relations, 184
Intervention accusations, 114
Peurifoy reports, 131
Soviet bloc arms purchases, 169
U.S. civilian evacuation, 228

Toriello, Jorge, 172
Torres Rivas, Edelberto, 130
Trinidad Oliva, Maj. Enrique, 98
Trujillo Molina, Gen. Rafael Leonidas (see also Dominican Republic), 16, 17, 32, 285
Truman, Harry S, 11, 14, 19, 31, 127

Ubico, Jorge, 6, 251
UFCO. See United Fruit Company.
United Fruit Company, 1, 27, 97, 163

Anti-trust suit, 196, 279
Communist activities in Guatemala and, 2, 7
Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 231
Land reform program and, 35, 39, 49, 50
Operation PBSUCCESS and, 178, 240, 245, 248
State Department support, 169, 171, 172
Support for Castillo Armas, 57

United Nations (UN):

Guatemalan appeals, 172, 218, 221, 236
Operation PBFORTUNE and, 19

Urrutia de Leon, Col. Luis, 285
Uruguay, 37
U.S.-Guatemalan relations:

Cabot speech (Oct. 1953), 61, 63
Economic sanctions, 66, 113

Business leader roles, 52, 61
Cabot role, 72, 73
Directives summary, 63
Monzon interview and, 83
OAS meeting proposals, 133, 172
Oil supply, 51, 71, 170, 187, 189
Peurifoy report, 131
Proposals, 36, 51
Senate bill proposal, 189

Toriello-Acheson meeting, 32
Toriello statements, 49, 50
U.S. aid, 51, 163
U.S. military missions, 69, 70, 74, 77, 135, 139, 159
U.S. official pressure, 36, 51, 61, 131, 187

U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 236, 237, 280

Venezuela, 17, 31
Vilanova de Arbenz, Maria Cristina, 27
Vizcaino, Roberto, 142

Wardlaw, Andrew B., 79, 83, 86
Watts, Eric W., 137
Welch, 31
Wellbank, Clayton S., 268
Whelan, 17, 31, 56, 77, 261
Whiting, Harold S. See Wisner, Frank.
Wieland, 170
Willauer, Whiting, 53, 123, 124, 125, 126, 135, 137, 152, 261
Wisner, Frank G.:

Communist activities in Guatemala, 2, 133
Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 152, 158, 170
Honduras, U.S. relations with, 53, 120, 124
Operation PBFORTUNE, 12, 20, 23, 29
Operation PBSUCCESS:

Air support, 206, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219
Authorization for, 40, 52, 54, 75
Campesino role, 192
Castillo Armas military action, 220
Contact reports, 135
Defection program, 118, 168, 191, 220
Embassy personnel roles, 123, 124, 125
Leaflet drop proposals, 138, 160, 170
Media reactions, 221
Peurifoy-Arbenz Guzman meeting, 250
Program, 67
Progress reports, 133
Security compromises, 103
State Department discussions, 113, 116, 170
Termination proposals, 127
Timing, 190
U.S. civilian evacuation, 228, 239
U.S. personnel, 44
Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266

Peurifoy briefing, 45
Psychological warfare, 63, 142, 224, 245
United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 279
U.S.-Guatemalan relations, 49, 53, 187
U.S. military aid to Nicaragua, 180
U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69, 70, 135, 139

Woolson, Peter, 62
WSHOOFS. See Honduras.

Ydigoras Fuentes, Gen. Miguel, 2, 57, 89, 104, 106, 223

ZPSECANT, 284
ZPSEMANTIC, 284, 285