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 Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of the Historian > Foreign Relations of the United States > Kennedy Administration > Volume XV
Foreign Relations, 1961-1963, Volume XV, Berlin Crisis, 1962-1963


Released by the Office of the Historian
Index

Index

    Abrasimov, Pyotr A., 557-559
    Abusch, Alexander, 662
    Access (see also Access harassment; West Berlin: Soviet presence in):
      air access:
        Austria air service, 527-528, 530-531, 533-534
          civilian flight scheduling, 41-42
          international authority, 350-351, 377, 418
          U.S. position, 38, 350-351, 418
      British position, 350 by civilians:
        Christmas pass issue, 640-642, 645-646, 660-669
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 363-365
        Soviet position, 86-87
        U.S. position, 84, 96, 346
        West Berlin position, 330, 340, 344-345
      corridor proposals, 416, 460, 462-464
      German Democratic Republic control (see also German peace treaty: Soviet separate treaty), 4, 44, 49, 240-241, 258-259, 374
        Soviet position, 49-50, 168-169, 179, 246
        U.S. position, 33, 36, 44, 179
      German Democratic Republic
        sovereignty and, 61-64, 84, 115, 121, 165, 216, 246, 377
      international authority:
        British position, 105, 350
        5-5-3 proposal, 102-104, 107
        French position, 105
        German peace treaty and, 12-13
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 102-103, 105, 107, 137, 149, 155, 343, 355-358, 437
        Soviet position, 12-13, 50, 86, 116, 141, 169, 191, 350, 372-373, 377, 502
        U.S. position, 15, 66, 76, 84, 100n, 115-116, 128-129, 138, 350-351, 379, 424
        Western troops in West Berlin and, 12, 115-116
      JCS proposal, 460, 462-464
      Jessup-Malik agreement (1949), 331, 379
      Soviet position, 63-64, 84, 121, 216, 246, 350, 360, 374, 377
      USCOB visit, 558
      Western forces in West Berlin and, 12, 84, 88, 115-116, 183, 502
    Access harassment:
      air access harassment:
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 4-5, 20-25, 92
        Soviet position, 10-11, 44-45, 246-247
        U.S.-British discussions, 18-22
        U.S. position, 16, 19, 43, 74, 249 Western responses, 19-20, 40-43M
      autobahn convoy incidents, 173-175, 458-459, 594-602
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 617-618, 624-626
        Soviet motivations, 600-601, 610-611
        U.S.-Soviet discussions, 594, 601-602, 605-609, 620-621, 623-624, 626-627
        Western responses, 595-600, 602-604, 611-615, 622-623, 627-630
      Berlin Wall and, 98-99
      contingency planning, 93, 173-175, 233, 281-283, 344-345
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 331
      Karlshorst flights, 256
      Military Liaison Vehicle shooting incident, 71-72, 90
      U.S. position, 74
      West Berlin position, 331-332, 341
      Yakubovsky letter, 491-492
    Adenauer, Konrad, 276-277, 342, 444, 518-519, 571-572
      Kennedy, correspondence with, 142-143, 150-151, 159-160, 304, 554-556, 573-574
      negotiations, 101-105, 145-148, 157, 196-200, 204, 112, 334, 426, 484-485, 489n
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 101-105, 145-148, 157, 196-200, 204, 343-344, 427-443, 546-552, 571-572
    Adzhubei, Alexei I., 1, 5, 85
    Air access. See under Access.
    Akalovsky, Alexander, 22n, 26n, 35n, 51n, 61n, 76n, 370n, 376n, 539, 563, 591n
    All-Berlin proposal, 86, 416-417, 469
    Alphand, Herve, 311-313, 351, 587
    Amrehn, Franz, 189, 191, 329, 331-332
    Anderson, William O., 270n, 283n, 327n, 523n
    Armstrong, Col., 392
    Ausland, John C., 16, 295n, 388n, 404n, 458n, 523n, 527n, 572n, 610n, 611n, 620n, 642n
      access harassment, 615
      contingency planning, 392
    Austria, 102, 527-528, 530-531, 533-534
    Autobahn convoy incidents. See under Access harassment.

    Bahr, Egon, 339, 342-343, 530
    Ball, George W., 100n, 104, 290, 327-328, 619-620, 630-633
      access harassment, 42, 615
      negotiations, 238-239, 334-336, 468, 495-496, 544
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 156-157, 581-583, 635
    Baraz, Robert, 572n
    Beitz, Berthold, 579
    Berlin:
      see also:
        Access
        Access harassment
        Berlin Wall
        Contingency planning
        Free city proposals
        Negotiations
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions (1962)
        U.N. appeal
        U.N. guarantee/observer proposals
        West Berlin
      all-Berlin proposal, 86, 416-417, 469
      all-Berlin technical commission, 96, 165-166, 171-172
        Soviet position, 167, 170, 179-180
      Clay departure, 102, 104
      Cuban missile crisis and, 392, 394-395, 404-405, 413-414
      Kennedy visit, 509, 512, 518-523, 525-528, 535
      legal rights, 108, 170, 592-593
      plebiscite proposals, 346-347, 444
      Soviet policies toward, 48, 195, 255, 392-394, 572-573
      Soviet U.N. flag proposal, 438n, 439-440, 447-448
        U.S. position, 494-495, 593
        U.S.-Soviet discussions, 499-501, 503
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 357-358, 363
      ten-year cool-off period proposals, 437-438
      Western discussions (see also Contingency planning; Negotiations):
        contingency planning, 466-467
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 302-303
        Military Sub-Group of the Washington Ambassadorial Group, 392-394, 472 quadripartite, 136n, 143, 466-467, 513-518, 642-646
        U.S. agenda, 100
        U.S.-British discussions, 123-125, 468-469, 647-651
        U.S.-French discussions, 187-189, 351-355, 505, 587-590
        U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 362-370, 427-443, 546-552, 571-572, 581-583
        Washington Ambassadorial Group, 471-474, 495-496
    Berlin Air Safety Center, 307-308
    Berlin Airlift (1949), 352
    Berlin Wall, 98-99, 161-162, 207, 301
      West Berlin morale and, 278, 339
      Western responses, 126, 330-331, 549
    Blair, William McCormick, Jr., 255
    Blitgen, Glenn E., 392
    Blomeyer-Bartenstein, Horst, 105
    Bohlen, Charles E., 4n, 46n, 48n, 72n, 75n, 95n, 100n, 238n, 505n
      air access harassment, 18-19
      contingency planning, 353
      negotiations, 22, 26, 51, 75, 156, 189, 196, 239n
      U.N. guarantee/observer proposals, 212-213
      U.S.-British discussions, 17
      U.S.-French discussions, 351, 353-354, 587
    Bolshakov, Georgi, 7n
    Bolz-Zorin agreement, 32, 191, 251, 260
    Bondarenko, 26, 51
    Borders (see also German unification):
      French position, 564-565, 588
      Soviet position, 12, 81
      U.S.-Soviet discussions, 507-508, 540-541
    Brandin, Robert M., 125n, 286n, 290, 293, 295n, 482n, 525n
    Brandt, Willy, 343-345, 444, 476-477, 641
      discussions with U.S. officials, 189-192, 329-334, 339-348, 530-535, 538 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 292, 294-295
    Braun, Sigismund von, 196
    Brazil, 432
    Brentano, Heinrich von, 125-131, 137-141
    Brooke, C. Roger E., 392
    Bruce, David K.E., 468-469, 647, 651
    Bundy, McGeorge, 120n, 203, 286n, 446n, 458n, 489n, 520n, 639-640
      access harassment, 42, 175n, 595, 599, 603, 613-615
      Brandt, discussions with, 329-334
      contingency planning, 173, 175n, 230, 267, 313-315, 387, 406
        Poodle Blanket framework, 232-234
        Soviet presence in West Berlin, 290-292, 294-295
      negotiations, 100, 137-140, 151, 239n, 284-285, 403, 422, 486, 545, 679
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 137-140, 343-344, 363, 652-653, 662, 671, 677, 679
    Burris, Col. Howard L., 100n, 324-325
    Butler, Richard A., 642-647, 650
    Butterworth, William W., 513

    Caccia, Harold, 647
    Calhoun, John C., 536-538, 557-559
    Carstens, Karl:
      Christmas pass issue, 645
      negotiations, 110, 119, 132-133, 140-141, 155n, 196, 482-484
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 434, 436-438, 661-665, 677-680
    Cash, Frank E., Jr., 105n, 109n, 274n, 278n, 297n, 327n, 419n, 513n, 523n
      contingency planning, 290
      Fechter shooting, 272-273
    China, People's Republic of, 547, 551, 584, 659
    Clarke, Gen. Bruce, 71, 72n, 90
    Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 41, 101, 142, 149, 297-299, 611n
      access harassment, 42, 90, 99n, 603, 605, 615
      departure of, 102, 104
      Soviet presence in West Berlin, 298-300, 306-307
    Cleveland, Harlan, 494n
    Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V., Jr., 595, 603
    Common Market, 202-203, 302
    Contingency planning:
      access harassment, 93, 173-175, 233, 281-283, 344-345, 365-366
      airlift, 345, 365
      blockade, 331
      criterion for action, 363-364, 366-367
      Cuban missile crisis and, 395-397, 399-400, 406-407, 419-421
      diplomatic efforts, 232-234, 348
      economic countermeasures, 367
      force, use of:
        Allied contributions, 347, 352-354, 368-369, 435-436, 444-445
        French position, 352-355, 369
        general war, 345
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 267, 366
        nuclear weapons, 267-268, 347
        Poodle Blanket framework, 231-234, 267, 313-320
        Soviet position, 359-360
        Soviet separate treaty and, 214, 261-262
        U.S. intentions, 336
        U.S. reserve forces call-up, 312, 359-360
        Western mobilization, 231, 267, 269, 352-353, 401-402
      French participation, 231
      French position, 352, 355
      Germany, Federal Republic of, force increase requests, 267-268
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 298-299, 359, 363-365, 367-369
      land probe, 352-353, 355, 370
      Military Sub-Group meetings, 392-394
      organization of, 387-391
      passport requirement, 173
      Soviet actions in East Berlin, 523-524
      Soviet presence in West Berlin, 290-295
      State-Defense-JCS meetings, 230-232
      stockpiling, 394-395
      Washington Ambassadorial Group meetings, 471-472
      West Berlin position, 331, 344-345
    Couve de Murville, Maurice, 136n, 187-189, 237, 351-355, 513-518, 587-590, 642-646
    Cowles, Gardner, 152
    Creel, Robert C., 355n, 362n, 520n, 525n, 527n, 581n, 634n, 661n, 677n, 680n
    Cuban missile crisis, 312-313, 355, 393, 396, 403-404
      Allied responses to, 414-415
      contingency planning and, 395-397, 399-400, 406-407, 419-421
      negotiations and, 403-404, 415-418, 446-447
      Soviet policy and, 392, 394-395, 404-405, 413-414
      Soviet position, 361, 392, 407
      summit meeting proposals and, 412-413
      U.S. circular telegram, 397-399
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 427-430, 436, 440, 442-443

    Davis, Richard H., 238n, 301n, 339n, 446n, 449n, 458n, 475n, 520n, 523n, 527n, 530n, 572n, 594n, 610n, 623n
      access harassment, 595, 615
      negotiations, 239n, 545, 563
    Day, Arthur R., 173n, 272-273
    de Gaulle, Charles, 102, 191, 342, 434, 505, 564-565
      French-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations, 311-312, 655-658
    Dean, Arthur H., 22, 33-34
    Defense, U.S. Department of, 523n, 527n, 610n, 611n
    Deputy Foreign Ministers meeting, proposed. See under Negotiations.
    Disarmament (see also Nuclear nonproliferation proposals; Nuclear test ban treaty), 14, 166, 227-228
    Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 15, 283-284, 370
      access harassment, 594, 605-606, 623-624 negotiations, 206-207, 223-224, 474, 495-496, 564, 591
        Rusk, discussions with, 114-119, 121-122, 161-172, 177-187, 262-266, 270-271, 278-279, 283-284, 497-504, 506-509
    Douget, Adm., 392
    Dowling, Walter C., 71-72, 104, 267-268, 275n, 277, 291, 323n
      negotiations, 101-102, 104, 120n, 140-141, 145-148, 157, 189, 196, 336n, 482-486
      Soviet presence in West Berlin, 286n, 291, 306-308
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 101-102, 104, 120n, 145-148, 157, 189, 196, 329-330, 343-344, 363
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations, 148-149, 276-277

    Eckhardt, Felix von, 196
    Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee Meetings (Geneva, 1962) (see also Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions (1962)), 14
    Epstein, Julius, 335
    Erhard, Ludwig, 323, 584-587, 616-620, 630-633, 641
      visit to U.S., 634-639, 653-682
    European Economic Community (Common Market), 202-203, 302

    Fanshawe, Capt., 392
    Fechter, Peter, 272-275, 277, 332
    Fessenden, Russell H., 204n
    Finletter, Thomas K., 302
    Finn, Richard B., 581n, 669n
    Forrestal, Michael V., 510
    Foster, William C., 22, 545
    France (see also Contingency planning; French, tripartite, quadripartite, U.S.-French, and Western subheadings under other subjects):
      Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with, 201-203, 311-312
      political situation, 435
    Free city proposals (see also German peace treaty; U.N. guarantee/observer proposals), 12, 109, 226, 418
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 358 Soviet position, 9, 12, 30-31, 46-47, 49, 374, 498, 503

    Gavin, James M., 159n
    Geneva meetings between Rusk and Gromyko. See Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions (1962).
    German Democratic Republic (GDR) (see also German Democratic Republic subheadings; German unification; inter-German relations under Germany, Federal Republic of; Soviet separate treaty under German peace treaty):
      East Berlin incorporation, 523-524
      economic situation, 347
      military capabilities, 347
      political situation, 85-86, 125, 190, 194, 198, 354-355, 420-421
      refugees, 28, 165, 190, 198
      shooting incidents, 176, 190, 199-200, 272-275, 277, 297-298, 332
      sovereignty:
        access and, 61-64, 84, 115, 121, 165,
        nuclear test ban and, 547-548, 555-556
        Soviet Commandant office abolition and, 280-281, 285, 289, 327-328
        Soviet position, 9-10, 30, 36-37, 39, 49, 78-80, 250, 377, 380-382
        U.S. position, 33, 36, 65-66, 251-252, 423, 507
        U.S.-Soviet discussions, 3, 30, 36-37, 39, 45, 49, 78-80
      Western recognition, 50, 102, 128-129, 149, 303, 343
    German peace treaty:
      British position, 649-650
      French position, 564, 643-644
      Germany, Federal Republic of, proposal, 574-577, 643-644, 648-651, 680-682
      JCS proposal, 462, 464
      Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 29-31, 33, 36, 58-59, 67-68, 77
      Soviet intentions, 11
      Soviet position, 9, 12-13, 29-31, 67-68, 77-78, 177, 543-544, 564-565, 568-569
      Soviet separate treaty, 176, 254, 288-289, 424
        contingency planning, 213-214, 231, 236-237, 257-262, 269
        Soviet intentions, 4, 11, 78, 154-155, 180, 236-238, 253-254, 309-310, 337, 352, 363, 371-372, 456-457
      U.S. position, 33, 36, 122, 229, 455-456
      Warsaw Pact Declaration and, 191
    German unification (see also Borders):
      Cuban missile crisis and, 416
      eight-point plan, 437-438
      Germany, Federal Republic of, economic aid to Soviet Union and, 584-587, 619-620
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 128, 133-134, 137, 139, 437, 529
      Herter Plan, 128
      mixed commission proposals, 97, 107, 120, 128-129, 133-135, 137-139
      neutralization proposals, 139, 185
      plebiscite proposals, 437
      Soviet position, 80, 185, 245-246, 373, 378
      ten-year cool-off period proposal, 437
      U.S. position, 85, 122, 157-158, 248, 349, 647-648
    Germany, Federal Republic of (see also German unification; U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, subheadings under other subjects):
      arms limitation, 81, 85
      France, relations with, 201-203, 311-312, 655-658
      inter-German relations, 198-199, 339, 358, 433, 437, 439, 644
        Soviet position, 373, 377-378
        U.S. position, 379
        West Berlin position, 330, 339-340, 345
      Poland, relations with, 502-503
      political situation, 132
      Soviet Union, economic aid to, 579, 584-587, 619-620, 630-634
      United States, relations with, 276-277, 301-302, 304-305, 578-580, 616-617
        Adenauer visit to U.S., 148-149
        Bundy-Adenauer discussions, 343-344
        Bundy-Brandt discussions, 329-334
        Erhard visit to U.S., 634-639, 652-682
        Johnson-Erhard discussions, 653-661, 669-677
        Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 142-143, 150-151, 159-160, 304, 554-556, 573-574
        Rusk-Schroeder discussions, 661-669, 677-682
      West Berlin, relations with, 330, 408-410, 518-523
        Soviet position, 46-48, 179
        U.S. position, 96, 106, 182, 191-192, 423
    Gilpatric, Roswell L., 266, 484-485
    Globke, Hans, 101, 336n
    Godber, Joseph B., 22
    Gradl (FRG), 641
    Gray, Maj. Gen. David W., 230-232, 286n, 295n, 392
    Greenhill, Denis, 392
    Grewe, Wilhelm C., 105-111, 125, 137, 301-305, 513
    Gromyko, Andrei Andreivich (see also Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions), 370-387
      access harassment, 23-25, 608-609, 626-627
      German Democratic Republic sovereignty, 36-37, 121
      negotiations, 478-481, 492-493, 510, 559-564, 583-584
    Gruson, Sydney, 323
    Guthrie, John C., 471n, 474n, 489n, 495n, 520n

    Harriman, W. Averell, 510-511, 539-545
    Hase, Karl-Gunter von, 196
    Hillenbrand, Martin J., 4n, 48n, 95n, 100n, 113n, 119n, 121n, 157n, 161n, 177n, 189n, 196n, 204n, 215n, 357n, 404n, 419n, 446n, 458n, 471n, 488n, 489n, 495n, 497n, 506n
      access, 16, 346, 355-357
      contingency planning, 392
      Kennedy visit to Berlin, 530, 533
      negotiations, 105, 151-152, 243, 265-266, 270, 370, 425-426, 481
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 105, 363, 546
      Western forces in West Berlin, 184
    Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 238n
    Holloway, Jerome K., Jr., 121n, 471n, 495n
    Home, Lord Frederick Douglas, 17-18, 22-23, 33-34, 136n, 350, 467, 468, 496, 513-518, 559-563
    Hood, Viscount Samuel, 106n, 263-266, 392-394, 438n, 439, 468, 513, 647, 650
    Huekelheim, Brig. Gen. Heinz, 392
    Hulick, Charles E., Jr., 280-281, 287-289, 320-321, 325-326, 329n

    Ilyichev, I.I., 243
    Imhof, Johannes V., 587n
    International Access Authority. See international authority under Access.

    Johnson, Lyndon B., 100n, 324, 404n, 634-639, 652-661, 669-677
    Johnson, U. Alexis, 213
    Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 230-232, 460-464, 523n, 527n
    Jones, G. Lewis, 647

    Karpov, Viktor Pavlovich, 474
    Kaysen, Carl, 290n, 334n, 344n, 539, 545, 630
    Kearney, Richard D., 627n
    Kennedy, John F., 101, 192, 289-290, 444, 446n, 488n, 634n
      access harassment, 94, 173, 595-599, 602-604, 613, 615, 627
      Adenauer, correspondence with, 142-143, 150-151, 159-160, 304, 554-556, 573-574
      Adzhubei, meeting with, 1, 5, 85
      Brandt, discussions with, 344-348
      contingency planning, 173, 230-232, 257, 290-295, 406n
        force, use of, 266-269, 313, 345, 347
      Germany, Federal Republic of, economic aid to Soviet Union, 619
      Germany, Federal Republic of, forces contributions, 444-445
      German peace treaty, 574-575
      Khrushchev, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 7-15, 207-212, 224-229, 284, 337-338, 465-466, 512
      Macmillan, discussions with, 123-125, 468-469
      negotiations, 112, 156, 223-224, 334-336, 375-376, 544-546
        Gromyko, discussions with, 370-376, 591-594
        1963 resumption, 481-482, 486-488
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 1-3, 15-16
      Soviet presence in West Berlin, 303-304
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of relations, 301-302, 304-305, 578-580
      visit to Berlin, 509, 512, 518-523, 525-527, 536-538
      Western discussions, 100, 302-303, 351-355, 362-370, 427-443, 581-583
    Kennedy, Robert F., 14
    Khrushchev, Nikita S., 322, 324-325, 407
      access, 12-13, 116, 141, 624-625
      Brandt, meeting with, proposal, 476-477
      Harriman, discussions with, 510-511, 539-544
      Kennedy, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 7-15, 207-212, 224-229, 284, 337-338, 465-466, 512
      negotiations, 252-253, 308-310, 359-362, 496
      Rusk, discussions with, 552-553, 563-570
      Soviet separate treaty, 253-254, 309-310
      Western forces in West Berlin, 116, 141, 152, 164, 176, 208-212, 309, 438n
    Kielinger (FRG Senator), 189
    Kissinger, Henry, 268
    Kitchen, Jeffrey C., 41, 404n
    Klein, David, 95n, 120n, 313n, 486n, 611n, 615n
      access harassment, 595, 603
      contingency planning, 230, 281-282, 387-388, 392, 406-407
      negotiations, 151-156, 403-404
    Knappstein, Karl H., 345, 355-357, 362, 482, 634, 661, 677
    Knight, Ridgway B., 204
    Kohler, Foy D., 17n, 40n, 48n, 72n, 75n, 95n, 100n, 113n, 119n, 121n, 132n, 157n, 200n, 204n, 236n
      access harassment, 601-602, 606-608, 610n, 19, 44-45, 611n, 626-627
      contingency planning, 230
      German Democratic Republic recognition, 129
      German Democratic Republic sovereignty, 45
      German unification, 134
      Kennedy visit to Berlin, 518-519, 521-523
      negotiations, 17, 112n, 119n, 151-152, 359-362,563
        Gromyko, discussions with, 478-481, 492-493
        Harriman-Khrushchev discussions, 510, 539-544
        1963 resumption, 492-493
        Rusk-Dobrynin discussions, 161, 177, 215
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 4-6, 22, 26, 51, 76, 94, 243
        Semenov, discussions with, 44-50, 75, 446-449, 453-457
        U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 101n, 105-111, 125, 129, 134-135, 189, 196
        U.S. principles papers, 105-109
      Soviet separate treaty, 213-214
      Soviet-Germany, Federal Republic of, trade relations, 633-634
    Koniev, Marshal, 72n
    Kornienko, Georgi M., 161, 177, 184, 215, 270, 283, 425-426, 497, 506, 620-621
    Kovalev (USSR), 26, 46, 51, 243
    Kranich, Robert H., 404n, 419n
    Krapf, Franz, 196, 513, 677, 681
    Kreisky, Bruno, 214
    Kroll, Hans, 324
    Kusterer, Hermann, 362, 513, 653, 670
    Kuznetsov, Vasily Vasilyevich, 474-475

    Lampson, Edward T., 647n
    Lapin, S. G., 510
    Latin America, 432
    Lebel, Claude, 106n, 265, 513
    Legere, Col. Lawrence J., 156, 230n, 281-283, 406-407, 470-471
    Lejins, Nora, 427n, 433n
    LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 460-464
    Lemnitzer, Lt. Gen. Lyman L., 230-231, 266, 621n
    Lewis, Flora, 426
    Lightner, E. Allan, Jr., 74, 98-99, 189, 256, 408-410, 476-477, 491-492
    Lilienfeld, Georg von, 138n, 263-265, 677
    Lissance, Arnold, 635, 653, 671
    Lucet, Charles, 513, 587
    Luebke, Heinrich, 512, 634-639

    Macmillan, Harold, 123-125, 302, 468-469
    Manning, Robert J., 189, 196, 475n, 602
    Mansfield, Mike, 289
    Marder, Murray, 138
    Mautner, Karl F., 327n, 419n
    McCloy, John J., 206-207
    McCone, John A., 173n, 266, 394, 615
    McGhee, George C., 512, 557-559, 578-580, 616n, 622-626, 640-642
      Kennedy visit to Berlin, 530, 532
      Soviet-Germany, Federal Republic of, trade relations, 584-587, 630-633
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 546-552, 662, 664-666, 668, 677-678, 682
    McNamara, Robert, 105, 173n, 192-195, 274, 546-552
      access harassment, 175, 595, 597-598, 602-603, 615, 627-630
      contingency planning, 175n, 230, 233, 266-269, 268, 336
      negotiations, 460, 468
    Meloy, Francis E., 311n
    Mende, Erich, 135, 198, 641, 666
    Mendelevich, Lev Isaakovich, 474
    Mikoyan, Anastas, 449-452
    Morris, Brewster H., 196, 484-485, 489n

    National Security Council (NSC), 93-94
      Action Memoranda:
        NSAM No. 158, 173
      Berlin-NATO Subcommittee, 395-396, 399-402, 406-407, 411-419
    Negotiations (see also Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions):
      British position, 17, 106n
      Cuban missile crisis and, 403-404, 415-418
      Deputy Foreign Ministers forum proposal, 5-6, 240, 244, 250-251, 263, 270-271
      eight-point plan, 436-442
      French position, 102, 129-130, 135
      Germany, Federal Republic of, 133, 367-368, 426, 578
        press coverage, 109-111, 113, 120n, 126, 132, 135, 138, 140-144, 146
        press leak, 334-336
        public statements, 138, 140-141
        role in, 640-642, 662-668, 677-679
      Gromyko visit to U.S., 370-387
      Harriman-Khrushchev discussions, 510-511
      JCS proposal, 460-464, 470-471
      Kennedy-Dobrynin discussions, 223-224
      Kennedy-Gromyko discussions, 370-376, 591-594
      Khrushchev visit to U.S., 369-371
      Kohler-Gromyko discussions, 478-481
      Kohler-Semenov discussions, 44-50, 75, 446-449, 453-457
      McCloy-Dobrynin talk, 206-207
      McGhee-Abrasimov discussions, 557-559
      1963 resumption:
        Soviet policy, 493-494 A
        U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 440-443, 482-484
        U.S. position, 481, 486-490
        U.S.-Soviet discussions, 425-426, 480-481, 492-493, 495-496
      press coverage (see also under Germany, Federal Republic of above), 109-111, 113, 120n, 126, 132, 135, 138, 140-144, 146, 334-336, 448-449, 475-476
      reciprocal declarations proposal (Solution C), 241
      Rusk-Dobrynin discussions, 114-119, 121-122, 161-172, 177-187, 215-222, 262-266, 270-271, 278-279, 283-284
        1963 resumption, 497-504, 506-509
        U.S.-French discussions, 187-189
      Rusk-Gromyko discussions (1963), 583-584
      Rusk-Khrushchev discussions, 552-553, 563-570
      Rusk-Kuznetsov discussions, 474-475
      Rusk-Mikoyan discussions, 449-452
      Salinger visit to Moscow, 141, 151-152
      Sorensen-Dobrynin discussions, 284-285
      Soviet intentions, 235, 367-368
      Soviet position, 89, 250-251, 263, 270-271, 359-362, 371-372, 475-476
      summit meeting proposals, 17, 412-413
        Soviet position, 14-15, 247, 375, 425-426
        U.S. position, 17-18, 75, 241, 244, 331-332, 375-376, 426
      tripartite (U.S.-British-Soviet) discussions, 559-563
      U.S.-British discussions, 17-18, 123-125, 468-469
      U.S. congressional elections and, 252-253, 285n, 327, 337-338, 371, 393
      U.S.-French discussions, 157-159, 187-189, 197-198, 587-590
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 101-111, 125-140, 145-148, 156-157
        Erhard visit, 658-660, 671-677
        Rusk visit, 189-192, 196-205
        Schroeder visit, 581-582
        U.S. agenda, 142-145
        U.S. reports, 200-203
      U.S. principles papers:
        April 1962 draft, 95-98, 100
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 119-120
        press leak, 109-111, 113, 120n, 126, 132, 135
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 69-71, 77, 79-82
        U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 105-109, 133
      U.S. solution proposal (Nov. 1962), 422-424
      U.S. working papers, 151-156
      Washington Ambassadorial Group meetings, 471-474, 495-496
      West Berlin position, 342, 345-346
      Western discussions, 136n, 143, 466-467, 513-518
      Western forces in West Berlin and, 488-489
    Nitze, Paul H., 295n, 411-412, 458n
      access harassment, 595-599, 602, 615
      contingency planning, 230-231, 290-294, 314-315, 392-394, 399-400, 406-407
      negotiations, 101-103, 105, 468
    Nitze Subcommittee. See National Security Council: Berlin-NATO Subcommittee.
    Nonaggression pact proposals, 6, 29, 464, 584
      British position, 639-640
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 128, 437, 643
      Soviet position, 50, 81-82, 513-518, 539-540, 564, 584
      U.S. position, 70-71, 97-98, 107, 127, 545
    Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 16, 41-43, 174-175, 274-275, 308n, 314-315, 353
    North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also Nonaggression pact proposals; West Berlin: Western forces in), 8, 10, 47, 139, 181-182
      forces contributions, 234, 312, 348, 352-354, 353-354, 434-435
    North Atlantic Council, 301-302
    Nuclear nonproliferation proposals, 6, 70, 85, 97, 107, 127
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 107, 128, 202
      Soviet position, 50, 81
      U.S.-Soviet discussions, 28-29, 506n, 507, 511
    Nuclear test ban treaty:
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 546-549, 555, 571, 580
      observation posts, 576, 580
      Soviet position, 14, 359, 361, 510, 557, 564n

    Oder-Neisse Line. See Borders.
    Ormsby Gore, Sir William David, 214n, 468, 496
    Osterheld, Horst, 101, 196, 616, 661
    Owen, Henry, 151-152

    Pelen, Pierre, 392, 587
    Penberthy, Grover W., 286n, 520n
    Poland, 502-503
    Poodle Blanket. See under Contingency planning: force, use of.
    Propaganda, 46, 199-200

    Read, Benjamin H., 545
    Reinkemeyer, Albert, 196, 362, 625
    Roberts, Sir Frank, 17-18, 22, 438n, 439
    Rostow, Walt W., 422-424
    Rundfunk in Amerikanischen Sektor (RIAS), 46
    Rusk, Dean (see also Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions (1962)), 16, 28-29, 274, 323, 342-343, 439
      access harassment:
        autobahn convoy incidents, 173-175, 458-459, 594-604, 608-611, 617-618, 620-621, 623-624, 627-630
        Western responses, 42, 594-599, 602-604, 611-613, 627-630
      Adenauer-Kennedy correspondence, 150-151
      air access harassment, 18-20, 23-25, 40-41, 92, 527-528
      Brandt discussions, 339-344, 530-535
      contingency planning, 173-175, 230-231, 359, 388, 419-421, 471-472, 523-524
        force, use of, 266, 269
        Soviet presence in West Berlin, 290-297
        Soviet separate treaty, 257-262
      Cuban missile crisis, 312-313, 397-399, 404-405, 419-421, 443
      de Gaulle visit to Germany, 311-312
      Erhard visit, 661-669, 677-682
      Fechter shooting, 297-298
      German peace treaty, 33, 576-577
      Kennedy visit to Berlin , 509, 520, 528-535
      negotiations, 75, 112n, 142-144, 446-449, 591
        Dobrynin, discussions with, 114-119, 121-122, 161-172, 177-187, 262-266, 270-271, 278-279, 283-284, 497-504, 506-509
        Gromyko, discussions with (1963), 583-584
        Gromyko visit to U.S., 370, 376-387
        Khrushchev, discussions with, 552-553, 563-570
        Kuznetsov, discussions with, 474-475
        Mikoyan, discussions with, 449-452
        1963 resumption, 482-484, 486, 488-490, 493
        press coverage, 109-111, 113, 142-144, 475-476
        tripartite (U.S.-British-Soviet) discussions, 559-563
        U.S.-French discussions, 157-159, 187-189, 505, 587-590
        U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 132-136, 142-145, 156-157, 189-192, 196-205, 482-484
        U.S. principles papers, 100, 109-111, 113, 119-120
        Western discussions, 17-18, 136n, 466-467, 472-474
      nuclear test ban treaty, 546, 575-576
      quadripartite discussions, 136n, 513-518, 642-646
      Soviet policies toward Berlin, 357-358, 572-573
      Soviet presence in West Berlin, 283-284, 286, 290-300
      U.N. guarantee/observer proposals, 212, 322
      U.S.-British discussions, 17-18, 647-651
      U.S.-French discussions, 157-159, 187-189, 351, 505, 587-590
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 434, 616-618
      West Berlin morale, 40, 101, 278-279, 339-340
      West Berlin plebiscite proposals, 340-341
      Western forces in West Berlin, 571-572
    Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions (1962), 33-34, 93-94, 238-239
      joint statement, 92
      meeting reports, 22-33, 35-39, 45-46, 48-69, 76-89, 236-238, 240-252, 348-351
      progress of, 72-73, 75, 91-92
      Soviet general principles paper, 48-50, 54, 56-57, 76
      U.S. agenda, 1-6, 15-16
      U.S. general principles paper, 69-71, 77, 79-82

    Sagatelyan, Mike, 203-204
    Salinger, Pierre, 141, 151, 203-204, 603
    Samuel, Ian, 22
    Schaetzel, J. Robert, 647
    Schiller, Dr. (FRG Senator), 189-190, 329, 334, 409-410
    Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 176
    Schnippenkoetter, Swidbert, 235, 362, 392-394, 482
    Schorr, Daniel, 142n, 146
    Schroeder, Gerhard, 120n, 132, 356-359, 439-440, 529-530
      Erhard visit to U.S., 634, 661-669, 677-682
      mixed commission proposals, 107, 134
      quadripartite discussions, 513-518, 642-646
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 132-136, 196, 198-199, 362-370, 434, 581-583
    Schutz (FRG Senator), 329, 530, 532-533
    Scott, Sir Robert, 468
    Semenov, Vladimir S., 22, 26, 44-50, 51, 75, 76, 116, 370, 446-449, 453-457, 591
    Shuckburgh, Sir Evelyn, 17-18, 22, 34
    Smirnov, Andrei A., 198
    Smith, Abbott, 394-395
    Smith, Bromley, 595n, 603
    Smith, Lt. Col. William Y., 226-229, 615n
    Smyser, William R., 392
    Sorensen, Theodore C., 100n, 284-285
    Soviet Union (see also Soviet separate treaty under German peace treaty; Soviet U.N. flag proposal under U.N. guarantee/observer proposals; Soviet and U.S.-Soviet subheadings under other subjects):
      economic situation, 433
      Germany, Federal Republic of, economic aid, 579, 584-587, 619-620, 630-634, 659-660
      Kennedy-Khrushchev correspondence (Pen Pal), 7-15, 207-212, 224-229, 284, 337-338, 465-466, 512
      military buildup, 192-195
      political situation, 194
      trade with the U.S., 222, 480-481, 599
    Springer, Axel, 579
    Stalder, Andrew, 581n
    Steinhoff, Gen., 392
    Stevenson, Adlai E., 322 Strauss, Franz Josef, 268, 368
    Sukhodrev, Victor, 22, 26, 35, 51, 61, 76, 370, 376, 510, 591
    Sullivan, William H., 510
    Summit meeting proposals. See under Negotiations.
    Suslov, Mikhail A., 46
    Sweden, 102
    Switzerland, 102

    Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 156, 173n, 192-193, 230, 281, 290, 293, 295, 353, 470, 595, 597, 615
    Thant, U, 324
    Thomas, Peter, 647, 649-650
    Thompson, Llewellyn E., 72n, 75n, 95n, 100n, 397n, 419n, 458n, 471n, 475n, 488n, 489n, 520n, 523n, 527n, 572n, 600n, 620n
      access harassment, 595-597, 599, 602-606
      borders, 507-508
      contingency planning, 406, 471-472
      German Democratic Republic access control, 44
      German peace treaty, 154-155, 253-254, 574-575
      negotiations, 18, 46, 154, 235, 252-253, 472-474, 563
        Kennedy-Gromyko discussions, 370, 591
        1963 resumption, 481, 486-487, 493-496
        Rusk-Dobrynin discussions, 497, 506
        Rusk-Gromyko Geneva discussions, 22, 26, 51
        U.S.-British discussions, 468-469
      nonaggression pact proposals, 545-546
      Soviet-Germany, Federal Republic of, trade relations, 630, 632-633
      U.S.-British discussions, 17-18, 468-469
      Western forces in West Berlin, 494-495
    Thorneycroft, George Edward Peter, 468, 513
    Tsarapkin, Semyon K., 22
    Tyler, William R., 157n, 274n, 286n, 323n, 351n, 397n, 404n, 433n, 475n, 488n, 489n, 520n, 525n, 581n, 611n
      access, 355-357, 602-603, 615
      contingency planning, 388-391
      Kennedy visit to Berlin, 530, 532-533
      negotiations, 283, 468-469, 481-483, 486, 591, 679
      quadripartite discussions, 513
      U.S.-British discussions, 468-469, 647-648, 650
      U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 363, 482-483, 635, 662, 665, 668, 677, 679, 682
      U.S.-French discussions, 587, 590

    Udall, Stuart L., 308n
    U.N. appeal:
      French position, 313n, 342
      Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 303, 342, 358, 367
      Soviet intentions, 254-255, 265, 303, 324-325, 328, 342, 367
      U.S. position, 265, 269, 333, 346
      West Berlin plebiscite proposals and, 333, 340, 346
      West Berlin position, 342
    U.N. guarantee/observer proposals:
      Soviet position, 13, 178-179, 184, 187, 203-204, 206, 209-212, 215-216, 220-221, 322, 337-338, 360, 374
      Soviet U.N. flag proposal, 438n, 439-440, 447-448, 494-495, 499-501, 503, 593
      U.S. position, 186-187, 212-213, 217-218, 417
    United Kingdom (see also Contingency planning; British, tripartite, quadripartite, U.K., U.S.-British, and Western subheadings under other subjects):
      Common Market accession, 203, 302
    Unteilbares Deutschland (see also German peace treaty: Germany, Federal Republic of, proposal), 643, 647-648

    Valdes, Philip H., 572n
    Vinogradov, Sergei A., 476, 564
    von Brentano, Heinrich. See Brentano, Heinrich von.

    Warsaw Pact Declaration (June 7, 1962), 191
    Warsaw Pact-NATO nonaggression pact proposals. See Nonaggression pact proposals.
    Washington Ambassadorial Group meetings, 392-394, 471-474, 486n, 495-496
    Watson, Maj. Gen. Albert, II, 278-279, 329
    Weber, Heinz, 125, 427, 434, 634, 661, 665
    Weiss, Seymour, 41-43, 212-214, 458n
    West Berlin (see also Free city proposals):
      Allied Kommandatura and, 288
      Brandt discussions with U.S. officials, 189-192, 329-334, 339-348, 530-535, 538
      economic situation, 190, 334
      Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with, 96
        Kennedy visit to Berlin and, 518-523
        plebiscite proposals, 330
        Soviet position, 46-48, 179
        U.S. position, 96, 106, 182, 191-192, 380, 423
        Western forces in West Berlin and, 408-410
      inter-German relations, 330, 339-340, 345
      Kennedy visit, 509, 512, 518-523, 525-528, 535
      Khrushchev-Brandt meeting proposal, 476-477
      morale, 40-41, 149, 190, 395, 469
        crowd control, 274, 279
        Fechter shooting and, 278-279
        West Berlin position, 332-333, 339
      plebiscite proposals, 330, 333-334, 340, 346-347
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 343
        U.N. appeal and, 333, 340, 346
        U.S. position, 269, 332-334, 340-341, 346-347
        Western forces, 330, 410
      population removal proposals, 417
      Soviet presence in, 283-284, 286-288, 298-300, 558-559
        bus use, 320-321, 327-328
        contingency planning, 290-295, 306-308
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 303-304
      U.S. policy toward, 289-290
      Western covert activities, 46, 423
      Western forces in (see also U.N. guarantee/observer proposals):
        access and, 84, 88, 116, 183
        battle group withdrawal proposals, 325-326
        German Democratic Republic access control and, 240-241, 374
        Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 330, 408-410, 571-572
        international access authority and, 12, 68-69
        negotiations and, 488-489
        plebiscite proposals, 330, 410
        Soviet position, 8-9, 12, 47, 49, 79, 119n, 122, 141, 177-179, 185-186, 208-209, 221, 223-224, 235, 244-245, 247, 338, 371, 377-377, 450, 465, 497-498
        Soviet separate treaty and, 176
        status change proposals, 152, 423
        ten-year cool-off period proposals and, 438
        U.S. position, 76, 83, 108, 122, 162-164, 171, 181-182, 186, 190, 206-207, 223, 225-226, 228, 241, 247, 373-375, 379, 383
        West Berlin morale and, 469
    West, Gen. Sir Michael, 392
    Westrick, Ludgar, 616, 630, 661, 677
    Wieck, Hans-Georg, 392
    Wilson, Duncan, 647, 651
    Winckler, Jean-Claude, 392-394
    Wright, Sir Michael, 22

    Yakubovsky, Ivan I., 491

    Zorin, Valerian A., 22, 32, 191, 251, 260, 518-523, 601-602, 606-608

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