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 Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of the Historian > Foreign Relations of the United States > Kennedy Administration > Volume XVI
Foreign Relations, 1961-1963, Volume XVI, Eastern Europe; Cyprus; Greece; Turkey


Released by the Office of the Historian
Index

Index *

    Abrams, Manuel, 627
    Acheson, Dean, 696
    Adenauer, Konrad, 72, 137, 383, 428, 611
    Adoula, Cyrille, 268, 269
    Adzhubei, Aleksei, 436, 504
    Afghanistan, 185
    AFL-CIO, 494
    Africa, 198, 343
      colonialism in, 184-185, 193-194, 197, 251, 268
      Congo, 268-269
      Soviet Union, relations with, 403-404
    Agency for International Development (AID), 231, 242, 259, 310, 339n, 502-503, 523, 530n, 531, 629, 631
    Aksal (Turkey), 705
    Alankus, Gen., 689
    Albania, 43, 268, 321, 329, 356, 382, 390
    Algeria, 184, 194
    Alican, Ekrem, 689, 760-763
    Anderson, Eugenie, 27-32, 36-40, 41, 51-52
    Anderson, George, 532n
    Andreotti, Giulio, 740
    Andrews, Nicholas G., 23, 355
    Angelis, Odesseus, 664n
    Angelov (Bulgaria), 27
    Angola, 194, 404
    Appling, Hugh, 382, 383, 385
    Artukovic, Andrija, 251
    Ashford, Howard J., 726
    Atherton, Alfred L., 512
    Atomic weapons. See Nuclear weapons.
    Austria, 330, 491
      Berlin, 389-390
      East-West contacts, 361
      East-West issues, 389-390, 395-396
      EEC, 361-362, 363-364, 368-369, 376-377
      membership, 378-379, 387-388, 394, 396
      EFTA, 379, 387, 388, 394, 396
      Export-Import Bank, 366, 367, 370, 371, 372, 381
      German reunification, 398-399
      Gorbach visit to Soviet Union, 374, 376
      Gorbach visit to U.S., 369
      Hungarian refugees, 360
      Italy, South Tyrol problem, 361, 362-363, 385-386, 392-393
      Kreisky-Johnson talks, 393
      Kreisky-Kennedy talks, 388-392
      NATO, 379
      Nuclear Test Ban Control Agency, 360
      Soviet Bloc, relations with, 361, 374-375, 382-383, 388, 394
      Soviet Union, 364, 374-379, 389-390
      U.S. economic policy:
      credits for U.S. arms, 365-367, 370-375, 380, 381
      P.L. 480 loan, 361, 395
    Averoff-Tossizza, Evangelos, 608, 622, 637, 639
      NATO, 660-661 Rusk, talks with, 658-661
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 542, 551, 558-559
      Greek-U.S. relations, 605-608, 651-654
    Avilov, Viktor Ivanovich, 364, 378-379
    Ayub Khan, Mohammed, 185


    Bakaric (President of Croatia), 336
    Baker, John A., Jr., 47
    Balaceanu, Petre, 10-11, 43, 44, 45, 49
    Baldry, Col., 664, 665, 667
    Balewa, Sir Abubakar Balewa, 198
    Balkans (see also Albania; Austria; Bulgaria; Hungary; Italy; Romania; Yugoslavia), 611
    Ball, George W., 123-124, 146, 158, 216, 221, 349, 368, 369, 695n
      Austria, 377, 386-388
      Cyprus, 518
      Finland, 451-454
      Greece, 605-608, 657
      Poland, 131-132, 142-144
      Turkey, 743-744
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 555-557, 559-560, 562-564
      Yugoslavia, 211-212, 262-263, 322-324
    Barghoorn, Frederick C., 54
    Barnsdale, William J., 120n, 335n, 341, 348n
    Barringer, Philip, 365, 366
    Basgol (Turkey), 694
    Bashev, Ivan K., 47-49
    Battle, Lucius D., 120-122, 217, 234-235, 265, 515
    Bayar, Celal, 710n
    Bayramoglu (Turkey), 578
    Beam, Jacob D., 67-68, 103n, 104-106
    Behrman, Jack N., 124, 125-126
    Belgium, 56, 194, 653
    Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 517, 615
      Soviet position, 253
      Tito statements, 201-209, 213, 231, 232-233, 236, 241
      U.S. reactions, 271, 272
      Yugoslav-U.S. talks, 192, 197-198, 200
    Bell, David, 310
    Bendall, David, 682
    Bennett, W. Tapley, 621-622, 666
    Berger, Samuel D., 604n
    Bergesen, Alf, 530n
    Berlin, 18, 19-20, 269, 477, 490, 506, 761
      and Austria, 389-390
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 203, 204
      and disarmament, 111
      and Finland, 397-400, 404, 405, 410, 412, 443, 462, 504
      and Greece, 613, 640
      and Poland, 79, 98, 111-112, 133, 135, 137, 177-179
      Soviet position, 199-200, 201, 510
      and Yugoslavia, 193, 196-197, 202-203, 281-284
    Beyer, Roland K., 425n
    Bielka, Gen., 368
    Bielka-Karltreu, Erich, 394-396
    Birgi, Nuri, 756
    Bitsios, Dimitri, 651
    Bjorkenheim (Finland), 441, 444, 446
    Black, Eugene, 718
    Bloomfield, Alexander, 27, 36
    Blumenthal, W. Michael, 77n, 109n, 122
    Bock, Fritz, 364
    Bohlen, Charles E., 463
    Bolivia, 266, 342
    Borba (Yugoslav publication), 249
    Bowles, Chester B., 71-72, 196, 199n, 221, 232n, 362, 538, 695-697, 705n, 706n
    Bowling, John W., 535, 540n, 574, 595n, 755n
    Bracken, Kay, 540n, 569n, 585n, 682, 683
    Brandt, Willy, 203, 390
    Brazil, 191-192, 201, 266, 342
    Brewster, H. Daniel, 632-636
    Brezhnev, Leonid I., 389, 397, 399, 405
    Briggs, Ellis O., 608, 609
      Greek political situation, 613-614, 623
      Greek-U.S. economic relations, 625-626
      prewar foreign bonds, 604-605, 616
      Greek-U.S. military relations, 614, 616-617, 622
    Brimelow, T., 409-410
    Brotherhood of the Cross, 335-336
    Brown, Ben H., Jr., 730
    Brown, L. Dean, 519
    Brubeck, William H., 271-272, 346-347, 530-532
    Bruce, David K.E., 463
    Bucur, Nicolae, 43
    Budinov (USSR), 52n
    Budway, Robert R., 32
    Buell, William A., Jr., 161n
    Bulgaria, 27-28, 382
      Balaceanu's credentials presentation, 10-11 changes in government, 27-29
      East-West issues, 42-43
      El Al claims, 38
      citizenship problems, 48, 51-52
      cultural exchanges, 5-7
      financial claims negotiations with U.S., 5, 23-25, 37, 47-48, 49
      Claims Agreement, 47
      German Democratic Republic, relations with, 36
      Greece, relations with, 619, 659
      Kennedy-Popov talks, 42-43
      media attacks on Kennedy, 40
      normalization of relations with U.S., 51-52
      trade with U.S., 5, 39-40, 42-43, 48
      U.S. Legation, access to, 51
      U.S. Legation attacked, 63-64
      U.S. Legation raised to Embassy status, 6, 38, 46
      VOA jamming, 51-52
      wheat purchases, 52
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 36-37
      Zhivkov-Anderson talks, 27-32, 35-41
    Bundy, McGeorge, 120, 217, 256, 265, 271n, 359, 455n, 516, 529, 577, 657n, 675, 695, 703n
      Greece, 631-632
      Yugoslavia, 309-310, 347-348
    Burdett, William C., 409, 416n, 421n, 425n, 428n, 432n, 445n, 453n, 472n, 479n, 489, 490

    Cabot, John, 123, 171
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 192
      Polish-U.S. relations, 110n, 117-119
      most-favored-nation status, 127, 130-131, 140-141, 158, 172, 180-181
      P.L. 480 program, 144-145, 149-150, 153-154
      trade, 124-126
      travel of satellite officials in U.S., 173, 178, 181-183
      U.S. Embassy (Warsaw) assessments, 161-170
    Caccia, Harold, 463, 464
    Canada, 97, 177, 259, 736
    Canellopoulos, Panayotis, 614
    Caramanlis. See Karamanlis
    Carle, Jack M., 49
    Central Intelligence Agency, U.S., 532
    Ceylon, 534
    Chapin, Frederick M., 58
    Chile, 266, 342
    China, People's Republic of, 43
      Soviet Union, relations with, 115-116, 249, 261, 311, 320-321, 323, 329, 337-338, 341-342,
      353-354, 355, 395, 492, 504, 506, 507, 509
      United States, relations with, 356, 534
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 88, 267, 312, 323
    Christensen, Keld, 409, 421n, 425n, 428n, 432n, 445n, 453n, 455n, 456n, 472n, 479n
    Cicognani, Cardinal, 22
    Clark (UK), 581, 584n
    Clausewitz, Karl von, 400
    Claxton, Philander, 682
    Clerides, Glafkos, 544
    Colonialism, 184-185, 193-194, 197, 251, 268
    Colonna (NATO), 660, 661n
    Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), 166, 240
    Common Market. See European Economic Community (EEC)
    Communist World Youth Festival at Helsinki, 458, 460, 468
    Congo, 184, 194, 268-269
      Congress, U.S.: Acts of:
        Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (see also P.L. 480 subheadings under individual countries), 620n
        Agriculture Act of 1961, 101, 102
        Battle Act, 65, 69, 71, 78, 143, 144, 169
        Export Control Act of 1949, 125, 465
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 339n, 346
        Johnson Debt Default Act of 1934, 125
        Mutual Defense Control Act of 1951, see Battle Actabove
        Mutual Security Act of 1954, 65
        Mutual Security and Related Agencies Appropriation Act of 1961, 65
        Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951, 121, 122
        Trade Expansion Act of 1962, 143, 176, 275, 284, 286, 314, 319, 344, 349, 356, 503
        Trade Reform Act of 1962, 131n
      Polish most-favored-nation status, 120-122, 127, 130-132, 140-141, 176, 180-181
      Yugoslav most-favored-nation status, 273-279, 285-292, 326-327
    Conversations with Stalin (Djilas), 262n
    Cook, Eiler R., 416n, 425n
    Coombs, Philip H., 82
    Coon, Carleton S., Jr., 515n, 518n, 523n, 530n, 542n
    Cottam, Howard R., 559n, 605
    Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA), 44, 126, 364, 379, 387
    Couve de Murville, Maurice, 384, 671
    Cowles, Leon L., 688-691, 692-693
    Crawford, William A., 43, 45
    Crnobranja, Bogdan, 189, 191, 195, 196, 336
    Cross, Samuel, 365
    Crowley, Edwin D., 551, 552
    Cuba, 66-67, 69, 106, 116, 135-140, 192, 268, 490, 491, 502, 504, 506, 609, 611n
      Czechoslovakia, relations with, 19, 20
      and Turkey, 730n, 731-734, 740, 747
      Soviet Union, relations with, 137-138, 282, 291, 352-353, 356-357, 486, 487
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 285-286
    Cyprus:
      American university in Cyprus, proposed, 529
      Commonwealth membership, 513, 591
      Communist Party, 533, 536, 538-540, 602, 610, 685-686
      international economic assistance, 519-520
      Johnson (Lyndon) visit, 532-536
      Kyprianou-Rusk talks, 519-520, 590-592
      Kyprianou visit to U.S., 517-518
      labor movement, 528
      London-Zurich agreements, 512, 541, 547, 557, 560, 574, 578, 601
      Makarios-Kennedy talks, 525-528
      Makarios visit to U.S., 524-529
      right-wing political parties, 533-534, 537
      Thorp Report, 513
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions:
        cease-fire, 601-602
        constitutional amendments, 520-523, 558-559, 561, 564, 566-570, 572, 578, 581, 584, 586, 591-593, 601
        Greek Cypriot position, 557n, 564-569, 572-573, 586-587, 600-601
        Greek position, 542, 558-560, 571-572, 585, 686-687
        Kyprianou-Rusk discussion, 590-592
        Makarios June 1961 memorandum, 566-567, 568-569
        Makarios public statements, 553-554, 555-556
        Makarios November 1963 memorandum, 586-588
        military intervention, possible, 598
        municipalities issue, 539-540, 541, 542, 543-546, 553-555, 561-562, 574-575
        NATO briefing, 597-598
        taxation, 521-522
        Treaties of Guarantee and Alliance, amendment of, 564-565, 567, 568, 570-571, 572, 578, 581, 601
        Turkish Cypriot position, 535-536, 562n
        Turkish position, 540n, 542n, 546, 547-548, 550, 553-555, 574-576, 577-578, 587-590, 594-595, 596, 597-598, 599, 766-767
        U.K. position, 518, 520-521, 549, 551-552, 581n, 582-583, 585, 592-593, 598
        United Nations, 532, 555-556, 562-564, 574-576, 600-601
        U.S. Embassy (Ankara) assessments, 547-548, 550, 582-583
        U.S. Embassy (Nicosia) assessments, 546, 564-565, 573, 581-582, 586-587, 601-603
        U.S. policy, 515, 516, 529, 530-532
        U.S. position, 540-542, 548-549, 555-557, 559-560, 563, 569-570, 577, 579-580, 585, 591-593, 595-596, 600-601
        U.S.-U.K. peace efforts, 592-594
        violence, 594-597
      United States, relations with:
        Turk Cypriot position, 535-536 U.S. position, 514-516, 518, 529-532
      U.S. economic assistance, 517, 523-524, 525-527, 531-532, 534, 537n, 538n
        Technical Cooperation Agreement, 512-513, 532
      VOA transmitter, 527, 533-534, 537n
      water resources development, 526, 529, 531
    Cyrankiewicz, Jozef, 104-106, 174
    Czechoslovakia, 382, 383, 394
      Berlin, 19-20
      Cuba, relations with, 19, 20
      cultural exchanges, 8, 33
      David-Rusk talks, 19-20
      disarmament, 20
      Duda's credentials presentation, 53-54
      economic negotiations with U.S., 7, 13-15, 20, 21-22, 53-54
      embassy employees, harassment, 3-4, 9-10
      normalization of relations with U.S., 8-9, 33
      trade fairs, 8
      trade with U.S., 7-8, 11-14, 20, 21-22, 54
      travel restrictions on diplomats, 53-54
      U.S. citizens visiting Czechoslovakia, 32, 34-35


    David, Vaclav, 7-8, 12n, 19-20, 33-35
    Davis, Richard H., 10, 26, 42, 49, 59, 61, 63-65, 109n, 133, 161n, 236n, 280, 331, 341, 348, 421n, 484, 740n
    de Gaulle, Charles, 137, 269, 384, 491, 611, 671, 762
      EEC, 387, 391, 392
    Defense, U.S. Department of, 271, 314, 450, 451, 453, 455, 489
    Denktash, Rauf, 535-536
    Denmark, 384, 433, 467, 510
    Dennis, John M., 53
    Denson, J.B., 409
    Development Assistance Group (DAG), 520
    Development Loan Fund (DLF), 206, 604, 605
    Disarmament (see also Nuclear weapons):
      European nuclear-free zone, 111
      nuclear test-ban treaty, 44, 175-176, 351-352, 503-504 Polish-U.S. talks, 110-112, 114
      Rapacki Plan, 123-124, 155-156, 726
      Romanian-U.S. talks, 17
      Scandinavian nuclear-free zone, 496-498, 510
      Soviet Union, 156, 264n, 343, 639-640
    Djerdja (Yugoslavia), 204, 210
    Djilas, Milovan, 262-263, 265
    Dobrosielski, Marian, 108, 122, 145, 147, 155, 159, 174, 176, 179
    Donnelly, William F., 77, 161n
    Dovas, Constantine, 620, 621n
    Drozniak, Edward, 76, 116, 117, 177
      Polish-U.S.relations, 141-144, 159-160, 174-175
      Rapacki Plan, 123-124, 155-156
      travel of satellite officials in U.S., 179-180
      most-favored-nation status, 158
      P.L. 480 program, 122-123, 145-148, 175-177
    Drzic, Barin, 285
    Duda, Karel, 53-54
    Duke, Angier Biddle, 42, 53
    Dulles, John Foster, 105
    Dutton, Frederick G., 276-278, 339-340

    East Germany. See German Democratic Republic (GDR).
    East Europe (see also individual countries), 76, 506-507
      Captive Nations Week proclamation, 17
      cultural exchanges, 5-7, 8, 33, 69. 70-71, 82, 99, 153-154, 158
      Legations raised to Embassy status, 46, 56-57, 60, 61
    East-West trade (see also Most-favored nation status; trade under individual countries; U.S. economic policy under individual countries):
    Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), 363-364
    Egypt, 404
    Eichmann, Karl A., 251
    Eisenhower, Dwight D., 65, 104, 121, 270n, 398
    Ejvoda (Yugoslavia), 209
    El Al Airlines, 38
    Enckell, Ralph, 505, 507
    Enginsoy, Gen., 714
    Erez (Turkey), 726
    Erhard, Ludwig, 384, 387, 390-391
    Erkin, Feridun, 585, 686, 725, 726, 730, 740, 763
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment in Turkey, 742, 748-749, 753-757
      NATO, 765-766
      Rusk, talks with, 765-767
      Soviet Union, 767
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 551, 583, 595, 599, 765-766
      Greek position, 571-572
      Makarios public statements, 553-554
      Turkish position, 547, 550, 587-588, 594-595
      United Nations, 574-576
    Erlander, Tage, 439
    Europe. See East Europe; West Europe.
    European Economic Community (EEC):
      Austria, 361-364, 368-369, 376-379, 387-388, 394, 396
      Finland, 401, 478
      France, 387, 391, 392
      neutral countries, 368-369, 427
      Poland, relations with, 124-126, 132, 142
      Soviet Union, 376-379
      United Kingdom, 384, 387, 392, 401, 402
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 132, 281, 288, 312, 321, 330, 331, 336, 356
    European Free Trade Area (EFTA), 361-362, 388, 427
      Austria, 379, 387, 388, 394, 396
    European Space Agency (ESRO), 379
    Evans, Rowland, 218
    Export-Import Bank, 259, 288
      Austria, 366, 367, 370, 371, 372, 381
      Poland, 65, 80
    Fanfani, Amintore, 137
    Faure, Edgar R., 627, 628, 629
    Ferguson (NATO), 627, 628, 629, 642
    Fessenden, Russell H., 717
    Finland, 97
      agricultural production, 485
      arms purchases, 484-485, 487-488, 505
        Finnish position, 456-462, 476, 484-488
        from Soviet Union, 441, 444, 471, 486-487, 500, 505
        from U.K., 447-449, 453-456, 463-470, 472-474, 485, 498-500, 506
        from U.S. (see also U.S. military assistance below), 452-453, 479-484, 489-490, 491
        U.S. position, 450, 451-452, 463-470, 472-473
      Berlin, 397-400, 404, 405, 410, 412, 443, 462
      communism in, 438, 440-441, 504, 507
      Cuba, 490, 491, 502, 504, 506
      East-West issues, 403, 477-479, 506-507
      EEC, 401, 478
      EFTA, 427
      Finnish Peace Treaty of 1948, reinterpretation of (see also arms purchases above), 448-452, 485-486, 500, 505-506
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit, 501-505
      Kekkonen-Gufler talks, 439-441, 477-479, 490-493
      Kekkonen-Kennedy talks, 397-407, 422-424
      parliamentary elections, 413, 415, 440, 443, 462, 464
      Scandinavian nuclear-free zone, 496-498, 510
      Soviet October 1961 note:
        Hallama assessment, 407-408, 411-412, 414-415 Karjaleinin assessment, 410-411, 416
        Kekkonnen assessment, 429-431, 436-438, 439, 442-443
        Kekkonen Novosibirsk visit, 422-424, 428, 429, 434, 455, 458
        NATO briefing, 432-434
        Nordic ambassadors, 425-426
        U.K. position, 409-410
        U.S. Embassy (Helsinki) assessments, 413-414, 416, 417-418, 426-427, 434-436, 439-440
        U.S. position, 418-422, 428, 432-434, 443
      Soviet Union, relations with (see also arms purchases; Soviet October 1961 note above), 401-403, 406-407
        Soviet-Finnish Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Aid of 1948, 404, 423, 429, 466, 469, 470, 485-486, 489, 490, 505
        trade with, 421n, 433, 457, 491-492, 502-504
      United States, relations with, 406, 411, 423, 503
      U.S. military assistance (see also arms purchases above), 446, 475
      U.S. policy, 418-419, 493-496
      Wennerstrom case, 499
    Finletter, Thomas K., 597-598, 682, 730-733, 736, 756, 757
    Fitch, Gen., 666
    Fleischer, Jack M., 32
    Foley, Arthur, 682
    Folsom, Robert S., 661
    Ford Foundation, 82
    Foster, William C., 16, 110
    France, 200, 762
      Africa, 198 Austria, relations with, 387
      de Gaulle's power, 392
      European cooperation, 384
      Finland, relations with, 485, 491
      Greece, relations with, 683
      Poland, relations with, 76, 177
      ustashi infiltration, 251
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 607
    Frank, Eugene, 386
    Frederika, Queen of Greece, 619, 662-663, 684-685
    Freeman, Orville L., 44, 170, 177
    Friberg, Frank, 438, 483
    Frontistis, Gen., 619, 630
    Frost, Adm., 716
    Fulbright, J. William, 327


    Galbraith, J. Kenneth, 116
    Garthoff, Raymond L., 16, 19, 110, 113
    Gaston-Marin (Romania), 50, 55-56
    Gaud, William S., 525, 526, 527, 528
    Gavin, James M., 618-619, 639, 699-701, 724-726
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 124, 288, 368, 402
    Georkadjis, Polykarpos, 537
    German Democratic Republic (GDR) (see also Berlin), 269
      Bulgaria, relations with, 36
      Poland, relations with, 111-112, 139
      Soviet Union, relations with, 399
      U.S. policy, 138, 398-399
    German reunification, 113, 181-184, 203-204, 282-283, 398-399
    Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG) (see also Berlin), 97, 170, 386, 390-391, 411, 531
      Poland, relations with, 69-70, 72, 75, 111-113, 139, 159
      Soviet Bloc, relations with, 383
      Soviet Union, relations with, 424
      Turkey, relations with, 705n, 749n
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 193, 202-203, 312, 330, 331, 335-336
    Getz, John, 682
    Ghana, 194
    Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, 44, 45
    Gizenga, Antoine, 269
    Glenn, Edmund S., 133, 266
    Goldberg, Arthur, 528n
    Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 73-74, 91, 98-99, 118, 133, 174
    Goodpaster, Andrew J., 65
    Gorbach, Alfons, 364, 369, 374, 376, 393
    Gordon, Glenn, 508
    Grant, James P., 540n, 542n
    Greece, 268, 330, 762
      Averoff-Rusk talks, 651-654, 658-661
      Balkans, situation in, 611
      Berlin, 613, 640
      Bulgaria, 619, 659
      Cuba, 609, 611
      disarmament, 639-640
      EEC, 613
      Queen Frederika-Johnson (U. Alexis) talks, 684-685
      Hungary, 56
      Karamanlis-Rusk talks, 639-644
      Karamanlis-Kennedy correspondence, 612-613
      Karamanlis-Kennedy talks, 608-612
      Karamanlis visit to U.S., 604-612
      NATO, 610-611, 618-619, 621, 631, 655, 657, 660-661, 682-683, 689-691
        assistance for defense (see also U.S. support of Greek defense below), 622, 627-630, 637-639, 640-644, 650, 652-654, 655-657, 660-662, 682-683
        defense exercises, 671
        U.S. July 1963 aide-memoire, 679-681
        Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 736, 737
        Wise Men's report, see assistance for defense above
      OECD Consortium for Economic Aid, 655-656, 660, 672
      political situation, 614, 632-636, 661, 674-679, 681, 685
        Karamanlis' resignation, 674 coup plans, 661, 664-668
        elections, 615, 618, 621-622, 623, 684
        Queen Frederika's assessments, 662-663
      Soviet Union, relations with, 688
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, see Greek subheadings under Cyprus
      U.S. economic policy, 613
        assistance, 620-621, 625-626, 648
        P.L. 480 program, 620, 648-649, 673
        prewar foreign bonds, 604-608, 616, 624
        U.S. Embassy (Athens) assessments, 620-621, 625-626
        U.S. position, 679-681
      U.S. guarantee of Greek security, 616-617
      U.S. support of Greek defense (see also NATO above), 613, 630-632, 644-647, 651, 658, 669, 670-672, 688
    Greene, Myles L., 588
    Greenhill, Denis, 472, 473
    Grigoriadis, Jean, 639
    Gromyko, Andrei, 185, 264, 378, 379, 399, 407, 425, 506, 507, 510, 654
    Gufler, Bernard A., 397, 445n, 480n, 496n
      Finnish arms purchases, 444, 446-448, 459-461, 473-474, 476, 481, 482-483, 488
      Kekkonen-Kennedy talks, 422-424
      Kekkonen, talks with, 439-441, 477-479, 490-493
      Soviet October 1961 note to Finland, 407-408, 410-411, 412-415, 417-418, 426-427, 434-438
      U.S. military assistance to Finland, 475
    Guinea, 185, 194, 269
    Gulen, Alseddin, 525, 527
    Gursel, Cemal, 693, 694, 700, 705, 709, 712n, 725


    Habsburg, Otto von, 395
    Hajek, Jiri, 13-14, 19, 20
    Hallama (Finland), 407-408, 410-415, 437
    Hallstein, Walter, 368, 384
    Hamilton, Fowler, 234-235, 527-528
    Hammarskjold, Dag, 184, 194, 517
    Hare, Raymond A., 726, 730
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment in Turkey, 722, 725, 738-739, 742, 748-749, 752-754, 756-759
      NATO, Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 738-739
      Turkish coup plans, 707-708, 723
      Turkish government restructuring, 710-714, 765
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 547-548, 550, 553-554, 577-578, 582-583, 587-588, 594-595, 599
      U.S. economic assistance to Turkey, 720-721
      Yassiada trials, 693-694, 705-706, 709-710
    Harrer (Austria), 372, 373
    Harriman, W. Averell, 55-56, 58-62, 358, 600-601, 763
    Hatzipetros, Alexander, 664n
    Heath, Donald, 624
    Helseth, William A., 733
    Herter, Christian A., 65
    Hilliker, Grant G., 505
    Hitler, Adolf, 426, 427
    Hoctor, Thomas F., 680
    Hodges, Luther H., 53n
    Home, Lord Alexander, 453n, 463-465, 469, 498-500, 741
    Hont, Janos, 58
    Horgan, Rogers B., 653
    Horsey, Outerbridge, 32-35
    Hungary, 321, 382, 394
      Austria, relations with, 56, 360, 383
      financial claims, 60
      Mindszenty's refuge in U.S. Legation, 1-2, 14-16, 22-23, 59, 60
      Mod's U.S. visit, 58-62
      normalization of relations with U.S., 26, 58-62
      U.S. Legation raised to Embassy status, 46, 56-57
    Hussell, Adm., 630

    Illek, Oz, 709
    India, 114, 116, 185, 267, 353
    Inonu, Ismet, 585, 717
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment in Turkey, 755-756
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit to Turkey, 726-730
      NATO-Turkey relations, 726
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 542n, 548, 577-578, 594, 595n
      U.S. economic assistance to Turkey, 720-721
      visit to U.S., 763-765
      Yassiada trials, 693, 705
    International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
    (IBRD), 125n, 517, 531
    International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), 494
    International Control Commission (ICC), 157
    International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 87
    International Monetary Fund (IMF), 125, 616n
    International Trade Union Secretariat, (ITS), 494
    Interparliamentary Union Conference, 357
    Iraq, 726-727, 729
    Israel, 38
    Italy, 312, 330, 762
      Austria, South Tyrol problem, 361, 362-363, 385-386, 392-393
      Greece, relations with, 653
      Hungary, relations with, 56
      NATO, Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 736, 737, 738-739, 740-741
      Rossi Commission, 385
    Iwaszkiewicz, Edward, 108

    Jakobson, Max, 397, 458-460, 473, 484, 496-497, 500-502, 505, 508
    Jamieson (UK), 520, 551
    Janczewski, Z., 133
    Jarring, Gunnar, 425
    Jedrychowski, Stefan, 124, 125, 170-171
    Jernegan, John, 577, 588-590, 760
    Johnson, Griffith, 122
    Johnson, Lyndon B., 395, 501-505
      Austria, 393
      Cyprus, 532-537
      Greece, 647-651, 684-685
      Turkey, 726-730
    Johnson, U. Alexis, 179-180, 421n, 425, 465n, 740n
    Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 450, 451, 455
    Jones, G. Lewis, 520-521, 551-552, 605, 608, 609
    Jones, Owen T., 57, 285n

    Kadar, Janos, 59, 60
    Kallai, Gyula, 14-15
    Karamanlis, Constantine, 623
      Greek elections, 632-636
      NATO, 637-644
      Johnson (Lyndon), talks with, 647-651
      Kennedy, correspondence with, 612-613
      Kennedy, talks with, 608-612
      prewar foreign bonds, 604-608
      resignation of, 618, 674
      Rusk, talks with, 639-644
      Rusk, letter to, 612-613
      U.S. guarantee of Greek security, 616-617
    Karasek (Austria), 376
    Kardamakis, Vassilios, 633, 664-667
    Kardelj, Edvard, 204, 248-249
    Karjalainen, Ahti, 397, 407, 410-411, 415, 416, 437
    Karman, Theodore, 26
    Katz, Julius L., 66, 77n, 109n, 122, 142, 144, 145, 147, 271n, 273, 335n
    Kaysen, Carl, 108, 339n, 670
    Kekkonen, Urho, 434n, 459, 469-470
      Berlin, 397-400, 404, 405, 412
      Finnish arms purchases, 446, 461-462, 476, 480, 481, 482-483, 488
      Finnish parliamentary elections, 413, 415
      Finnish-U.S. relations, 397-407, 422-424, 439-441, 477-479, 490-493
      Gufler, talks with, 439-441, 477-479, 490-493
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit to Finland, 501-505
      Kennedy, talks with, 397-407, 422-424
      Scandinavian nuclear-free zone, 496-497
      Soviet October 1961 note, 429-431, 436-438:
        Kohler, letter to, 442-443
        Novosibirsk visit, 422-424, 428, 429, 433, 434, 455, 458
      visit to Soviet Union, 508-510
    Kennan, George F., 88, 184n, 257, 266, 309, 314, 345, 349
      Africa, colonialism in, 193-194, 197
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 192, 197-198, 200, 201-208
      Cuba, 352
      Djilas case, 265
      Kardelj, talks with, 248-249
      Kennedy, talks with, 186-187
      Popovic, discussion with, 199-202, 250-251
      Press Law question, 187-188, 189
      resignation of, 284, 356n
      Rusk's public statements, 257-258
      Tito, discussion with, 332-334
      Tito visit to U.S., invitation for, 190-191
      Yugoslav-Soviet relations, 263, 264, 315-316, 353
      Yugoslav-U.S. relations, 258-260
        deteriorating relations, 217-220, 221
        disagreements over U.S. policy, 260-261, 324n
        embassy employees, 189-190
        most-favored-nation status, 274, 275-276, 278-279, 285-286, 288-290, 324-327
        U.S. Embassy (Belgrade) assessments, 195-196, 198-199, 205-207, 211, 222-230, 231-234, 292-309, 317-319, 328-331, 336-339, 354-355
    Kennedy, John F., 137, 292n, 672
      assassination of, 393n, 508n, 585n, 763-765n
      Austria, 388-392
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 236
      Berlin, 397-400, 404, 405
      Bulgaria:
        Balaceanu's credentials presentation, 10-11
        Popov, talks with, 42-43
        trade, 39
      Cyprus, 514, 529-532
        Makarios, talks with, 525-528
      Czechoslovakia, 53-54
      Finland:
        Finnish-Soviet relations, 419-420, 422-424
        Johnson's (Lyndon) Finland visit, 501-502
        Kekkonen, talks with, 397-407, 422-424
        military relations, 465n
      Greece, 157, 675, 679-680
        Karamanlis, talks with, 608-612
        Papaligouras, talks with, 669-670
      Hungary, 62
      Laos conflict, 157
      NATO, 657
      Poland, 71, 81, 83, 86
        most-favored-nation status, 143, 158n, 160
        Spasowski's farewell call, 74-76
      Soviet Union, 428
        Adzhubei, talks with, 436
        Khrushchev, talks with, 189n, 702, 704
        wheat sales, 51
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 577
      Turkey, 695, 719
        Alican, talks with, 760-763
        Yassiada trials, 709n
      Yugoslavia, 86, 211-212, 236, 255-256, 267, 314, 359
        Kennan's farewell call, 186-187
        Micunovic, talks with, 341-343
        most-favored-nation status, 158n, 275, 287, 290-291, 332
        Popovic's visit to U.S., 266-270
        Tito, correspondence with, 344-346, 348-349, 355-359
        Tito's assessments, 338
    Khrushchev, Nikita S. (see also Soviet Union and Soviet subheadings under other subjects), 62, 115, 137, 138, 249, 425, 434n
      Austria, 376
      Berlin, 283, 397, 398, 491
      China, People's Republic of, 492
      Finland, see Soviet subheadings under Finland
      Greece, 615
      Kennedy, talks with, 189n, 702, 704
      Laos, 157
      nuclear issues, 343, 351, 497
      Stalinist critics in Soviet Union, 338, 342
      Soviet Bloc-Soviet relations, 382
      United States, 189n, 702, 704
      Yugoslavia, 310, 312, 323, 334, 342, 346
      Tito, talks with, 185
    Killick (UK), 549n, 551
    King, Gordon D., 559n, 569n
    Kissinger, Henry A., 492
    Kitchen, Jeffrey C., 271n, 740n
    Klaus, Josef, 373, 374, 375
    Klein, David, 260-261, 644-645
    Knight, William E., II, 362, 366
    Knuth-Winterfeldt, Count Kield Gustav, 425
    Koenig, Cardinal, 394
    Kohler, Foy D., 16, 19, 20, 77n, 110, 113, 203, 218n, 231, 237, 266, 271n, 432n, 463, 627, 717
      Finnish-Soviet relations, 442-443
      Greece, 628
      Poland, 66-67, 115
      Soviet Union, , 702
      Yugoslavia, 212-216, 220-222, 242-247
    Koht, Paul G., 425
    Komer, Robert, 534, 535, 669, 670, 726, 730, 760
    Korean war, 198
    Kosygin, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 508
    Kozlov, Frol R., 390, 508
    Kranich, Robert H., 682
    Kreisky, Bruno, 363-364, 371, 377-379, 382-383, 385-386, 387-388, 388-392
    Kupinsky, Ruth, 627, 639
    Kutchuk, Fazil, 524
      Cypriot-U.S. relations, 535-536
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 543-545, 561-562, 584, 586, 592-593
    Kuznetsov, Vasiliy V., 414-415
    Kyprianou, Spyros, 517-518, 525, 527
      Cypriot-U.S. relations, 519, 524n
      Rusk, talks with, 590-592
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 521-522, 586-587

    Labouisse, Henry, 536, 549, 639
      Cypriot-U.S. relations, 532-534
      Greek coup plans, 664-666, 668n
      NATO, 656-657
      Pipinelis rise to Prime Minister, 674-675
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 558-559, 571-572
      U.S. support for Greek defense, 630-631, 644
    Lachs, Manfred, 110
    Ladner, Robert, 366
    Lagoudakis, Charilaos G., 676n
    Lambert, Francis X., 393n, 394
    Lambrakis, Georgios, 674
    Lange, Oskar, 425, 434n
    Laos, 156-157, 171, 172, 176, 395, 506, 507, 761
    Latin America, 192, 201, 266, 342, 352
    Lekic (Yugoslavia), 350
    Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 714-717
    Liatis, Alexis S., 606, 607, 608, 612-613
    Lisle, Raymond E., 209
    Lissance, Arnold, 382, 383, 385
    Littell, Pic, 153
    Little, E.S., 122n
    Lumumba, Patrice, 184
    Luns, J.M.A.H., 653
    Lychowski, Tadeusz, 72, 73-74, 77n, 80-81, 116, 145, 152

    Maakansa (Finnish publication), 492, 493
    Macmillan, Harold, 137, 410, 513, 611
    Macovescu, George, 16, 17
    Magill, Robert N., 702
    Magistretti, William L., 83-85
    Makarios III, Archbishop, 203, 512, 517, 595n
      communism, 538-539
      diplomatic travel, 517-518
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit to Cyprus, 532-534
      Kennedy, talks with, 525-528
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions:
        constitutional amendments, 520-523, 584
        Greek Cypriot position, 557n, 564-569, 572-573, 586
        Greek position, 558-559
        June 1961 memorandum, 566-567, 568-568
        military intervention, possible, 598
        municipalities issue, 539-540, 543-545, 561
        November 1963 memorandum, 586-588
        public statements, 553-554, 555-555
        taxation, 522
        Turkish position, 766-767
        U.K. position, 552
        United Nations, 562-563, 575
        U.S. Embassy (Nicosia) assessments, 573, 581-582, 602-603
        U.S. position, 555-556, 560, 563, 570, 585 U.S.-U.K. joint peace efforts, 593
      U.S. economic assistance to Cyprus, 517, 524n
      visit to U.S., 524-529
      VOA transmitter, 537n
    Malin, Herbert S., 174, 177, 179
    Malinovsky, Rodin Y., 374, 389, 508
    Malita, Mircea, 43-45, 49
    Manescu, Corneliu, 16-18, 49-51
    Manfull, Melvin L., 515n
    Mangoldt, Hans Karl von, 627, 628, 629
    Mansfield, Mike, 327, 395
    Marcy, Oliver M., 518n, 523n, 605
    Markezinis, Spyros, 623
    Mason, Sir Paul, 463, 464-465
    Mates, Leo, 207-208, 219, 248, 262
    Matsas, Alexander, 653, 654, 669, 680-681, 685, 687
    Matsch, Franz, 382, 383, 385
    Matthews, H. Freeman, 363-364, 368-372
    Maunula, A.A., 471
    Mavromichalies, Stylianos, 681
    McBride, Robert H., 360
    McCaffrey, Col., 714
    McGhee, George C., 32n, 262n, 518, 695n, 703-704
    McGuire, Ralph J., 630, 722
    McKiernan, Thomas D., 566-569
    McNamara, Robert S., 347, 657, 754
      Austria, 373
      Finland, 452-453
      Greece, 670, 672, 683
      Turkey, 740, 743-744
    McSweeney, John M., 376
    Melas, George V., 637
    Melen, Ferit, 760, 761
    Menderes, Adnan, 710
    Menemencioglu, Turgut, 588-590, 733-734, 760, 763
    Merchant, Livingston T., 13
    Merikoski, Veli, 473, 478, 483, 505-507
      Finnish arms purchases, 459-460, 483, 484-488
      Rusk, talks with, 489, 490, 492
    Mexico, 342
    Meyera (Greece), 535
    Michalowski, Gen., 140-141
    Micunovic, Veljko, 290-292, 341-344, 348, 355
    Middle East, 343, 611
    Mikoyan, Anastas I., 390, 395, 508
    Mills, Wilbur, 158, 274, 275, 276, 277, 287
    Mindszenty, Cardinal Joseph, 394
      refuge in U.S. Legation (Budapest):
        Mod's U.S. visit, 59, 60
        Rusk's recommendations, 1-2
        Vatican involvement, 14-16, 22-23
    Miner, Robert G., 512, 605, 627, 629
    Mod, Peter, 58-62
    Moffitt, George, Jr., 600n
    Molotov, Vyachaslav M., 390, 508
    Morin, Gen., 689
    Most-favored-nation status (MFN) (see also East-West trade):
      Bulgaria, 5, 39, 42
      Congress, U.S., 120-122, 127, 130-132, 140-141, 176, 180-181
      Czechoslovakia, 12
      Finland-Soviet Union, 402
      Poland, 42, 120-122, 125, 158, 171, 172, 178, 265
        Congress, U.S., 176, 180-181
        denial of status, 321-322
        U.S. Embassy (Warsaw) assessments, 168-169
      Yugoslavia-U.S., 42, 120-122, 130-132, 158n, 265, 280-281, 284, 314, 317, 319-322, 324-327, 331-332, 334, 338, 349, 350, 356, 338
        denial of status, 273-279, 285-292, 321-322
    Mudd, Robert C., 252, 262, 290, 322
    Muftizade (Cyprus), 543, 544, 545, 593
    Munro, Dana, 606, 624

    Naiboglu, Col., 714
    Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 718
    Nastusescu, Stefan, 49
    Naszkowski, Marian, 110, 112, 113, 115
    National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM):
      No. 35, 695
      No. 71, 514, 515
      No. 74, 82n
      No. 75, 81
      No. 79, 83
      No. 98, 516, 529, 530
      No. 123, 255-256
      No. 169, 530
      No. 212, 314
      No. 251, 675-679
      No. 257, 679-680
      No. 266, 577, 579-580
      No. 267, 359
    National Security Council (NSC):
      meetings:
        491st, October 13, 1961, 217
      records of action:
        No. 2439, 96, 217
        No. 2447, 631, 679
    Nehru, Jawaharlal, 203
    Netherlands, 387
    Newman, George, 365-366
    Nigeria, 198
    Nikezic, Marko, 203, 218n, 237, 266, 292n, 350
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 253
      Yugoslav-U.S. relations, 220-222, 252, 269-270, 273-274
    Nitze, Paul H., 450, 699, 702
    Norstad, Gen. Lauris (see also North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 630
      Greece-NATO relations, 618, 619, 631, 637-639, 642, 689-691
      Turkey-NATO relations, 697-703, 724-725
    North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also NATO subheadings under other subjects), 95, 194, 198, 272, 378, 379, 519-520
      Finnish-Soviet relations, 409, 425-426, 428, 432-434, 437
      Finnish arms purchases, 468
      Germany, Federal Republic of, 170, 193
      Greece, see under Greece
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment, see under Greece; Turkey
      Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 736-737, 738-739
      Soviet Union, 417, 639-640
      Turkey, see under Turkey
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 597-598
      Wise Men's Report, see under Greece
    Norway, 423, 433, 467, 510
    Nuclear Power and Foreign Policy (Kissinger), 492
    Nuclear weapons (see also Disarmament), 269, 492
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 202, 203-204
      European nuclear-free zone, 111
      Nuclear Test Ban Control Agency, 360
      nuclear test ban treaty, 44, 175-176, 351-352, 503-504
      nuclear testing, 199-200
      Rapacki Plan, 123-124, 155-156, 726
      Scandinavian nuclear-free zone, 496-498, 510
      Soviet Union, 199-200, 343, 351, 401, 402, 497, 503, 639-640
      Turkey, 731-760
    Nykopp, Johan, 469

    Ochab, Edward, 70, 170, 171
    Olsen, G.R., 235n
    O'Neill, Con, 473
    Orek (Greece), 535
    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 336, 362, 628, 655-656, 660
    Orkun, Adm., 714
    Ormsby Gore, David, 455, 518
    Owen, William M., 489, 695n
    Ozkol (Turkey), 546

    Pakistan, 185, 353, 503
    Palamas, Christian K., 605, 608, 617, 639, 658
    Palmer, Donald K., 604n
    Papadopoulos, Georgios, 664n
    Papaligouras, Panayiotis, 635, 639, 658
      Greek-U.S. relations, 649
      Kennedy, talks with, 669-670
      OECD Consortium for Economic Aid to Greece, 656, 657, 660
      Rusk, talks with, 670-673
    Papandreou, George, 615, 618, 674
      cabinet debates, 636
      election fraud, 622, 623, 635
      Queen Frederika's assessments, 662-663
      resignation of, 684
    Parker, Gen., 714
    Passikivi (Finland), 408, 414
    Paul I, King of Greece, 614-615, 618, 619, 623, 630n, 662, 674, 681
    Pelaghias (Cyprus), 590
    Petric, Yaksa, 217, 285-286, 350
    Peynirdzhiev, Ivan, 36
    Phoumi Nosavan, 156
    Phrydas (Greece), 658
    Piccioni, Attilio, 653
    Pipinelis, Panayiotis, 571-572, 635, 674, 681
    Pittermann, Bruno, 378, 379
    Plan, Edgar, 366, 367, 395
    Platzer, Wilfried, 365, 366-367, 382, 386, 388, 394
      EEC, 361-362
      Nuclear Test Ban Control Agency, 360
      South Tyrol, 361
    Plumar (Greece), 535
    Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich, 508
    Pohjala (Finland), 477
    Poland, 321
      agriculture, 80-81, 142-143, 144-145, 160
      Berlin, 75, 79, 98, 111-112, 133, 135, 137, 177-179
      Cuba, 66-67, 69, 106, 135-140
      cultural exchanges, 69, 70-71, 82, 99, 153-154, 158
      disarmament, 110-112
      EEC, 124-125, 142
      membership, 124-126, 132, 142
      exchange rates, 107, 154
      Export-Import Bank, 65, 80
      German Democratic Republic, 138-139
      Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with, 69-70, 72, 75, 111-113, 139, 159
      Laos, 156-157, 178, 181
      nuclear test ban treaty, 155-156, 175-176
      personal freedoms, 91
      P.L. 480 agreement (see also U.S. economic policy; U.S. most-favored-nation status below), 67-68, 69, 71-74, 75-76, 77-81, 93, 96-103, 108, 122-123, 155, 158, 162-169, 170-171, 175-177, 178
        cotton, 108, 117-118, 152
        grain, 80-81, 122-123, 144-145, 150, 152, 175, 176
        negotiations with U.S., 83-85, 105-106, 107, 116-117, 128, 129, 142, 144, 145-154, 155
        rice, 117-118
      public recognitition of U.S. aid, 109-110, 119, 126
      Rapacki-Rusk talks, 110-116, 133-140
      Rapacki Plan, 111, 123-124, 155-156
      Soviet Bloc, divergence from, 98-99
      Soviet Union, 73-74, 91, 115-116, 138
      Spasowski-Rusk talks, 68-72
      Spasowski's farewell call, 74-76
      taxes on U.S. relief packages, 81
      trade, 71-74, 77-81, 83-86, 92-96, 106, 124-126, 155, 158
      travel restrictions on diplomats, 173, 178, 179-180, 181-183
      United Kingdom, relations with, 76
      United States, relations with, 104-106, 133-135, 138, 157, 159-160, 174-175, 178-179, 356
      U.S. boycott of Polish goods, 158, 171
      U.S. economic policy:
        export licenses, 71, 86, 90-96
        economic credits, 65
        prewar foreign bonds, 116-117, 128, 129, 136, 164
      U.S. most-favored-nation status (see also P.L. 480 agreement; U.S. economic policy above), 42, 120-122, 125, 127, 130-132, 133, 136-137, 1401-41, 143, 157-158, 160, 169-169, 170, 172, 178, 180-181, 274-275. 276-278, 321-322
      U.S. policy, 90-96, 161-170
    Polatkan, Hasan, 710n
    Polyansky, Dmitri Stepanovich, 508
    Popov, Lyubomir D., 42-43, 47, 63-64, 88
    Popovic, Koca, 185, 190-191, 195, 196, 257, 262, 265, 288-290, 351, 355
      Kennan, talks with, 199-200, 250-251
      Kennedy, talks with, 266-270
      Rusk, talks with, 280-284
    Popovic, Vladimir, 196, 291
    Popper, David H., 682
    Porter, Dwight J., 372-375, 378-379, 394
    Portugal, 194, 269, 404
    Presburger, Josip, 290, 341, 355

    Quadros, Janio, 201

    Raab, Julius, 376
    Raczkowski, Stanislaw, 72, 73
    Radio Free Europe, 178
    Radvanyi, Janos, 26, 58, 61
    Rainer, Col., 367
    Rallis (Greece), 623, 635
    Ramsbotham, Peter, 463, 464-465
    Rankin, Carl, 184-185
    Rapacki, Adam, 70, 133-134, 135-140, 146, 147, 159, 170, 174
      disarmament, 110-112, 114
      Rusk, talks with, 113-116
    Rapacki Plan, 123-124, 155-156, 726
    Ravndal, Christian, 3-4
    Read, Benjamin H., 579-580
    Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 740
    Renner, Karl, 389
    Rewinkel, Martin C., 409, 425n, 428n
    Riddleberger, James W., 380-381, 392-393
    Rijov (USSR), 692, 721
    Riza, Halit A., 583
    Robinson, William, 365
    Rockefeller Foundation, 7
    Roesch, Otto, 365
    Romania, 382
      Balaceanu's credentials presentation, 10-11
      Berlin, 18
      disarmament, 17
      independence from Soviet Union, 44-45
      Malita-Harriman talks, 43-45
      Manescu-Rusk talks, 16-18, 49-51
      trade with U.S., 10-11, 44-45, 49-51, 55-56
      U.S. Legation raised to Embassy status, 46
    Rood, Leslie L., 630, 692
    Rossi, Paolo, 385
    Rossi Commission Report, 385, 393
    Rossides, Zenon, 512-514, 525, 527, 534, 562, 564
    Rostow, Walt W., 73-74, 80-81
    Rowan, Carl T., 496-498, 500-501, 508, 509, 726
    Rusk, Dean, 174, 186, 347, 439, 453n, 483, 490, 527, 608, 657, 699n
      Austria, 360, 386, 383, 393
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 241, 253
      Berlin, 135, 137, 159, 178-179
      Bulgaria, 6-7, 23-25, 47-49
      Cuba, 135-140, 352-353
      Cyprus, 512-514, 519-520, 523-524
      Czechoslovakia, 9-12, 20n
      disarmament, 110-112, 114
      Finland, 505-507
        arms purchases, 448-449, 455-458, 461-462, 463-465, 472-473, 479-481, 484-488
        Soviet October 1961 note, 416, 418-422, 425-426, 432-434
        U.S. military assistance, 445
      Greece:
        Karamanlis, correspondence with, 612-613
        NATO, 627-630, 639-644, 652-654, 658-661
        Papaligouras, talks with, 670-673
        prewar foreign bonds, 624
        U.S. support for defense, 645n, 651
        Venizelos, talks with, 685-688
      Hungary, 1-2, 26
      Poland, 107, 129, 133-134
        most-favored-nation status, 176
        P.L. 480 program, 77-79, 97-103, 109-110, 116-117, 145-148, 150-152, 176-177
        Rapacki, talks with, 113-116
        Spasowski, talks with, 68-72
      Romania, 16-18, 49, 50, 55-56
      Turkey, 627-630, 709n
        Erkin, talks with, 765-767
        intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment, 702-703, 740-741, 745-748, 750-751, 755
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 540-542, 548-549, 569-570, 574-576, 585, 595-596, 598, 687
        Kyprianou, talks with, 590-592
      Western Europe, 384
      Yugoslavia, 236-237, 238-239, 241, 249, 252, 253, 254-255, 331-332, 335-336, 351
        deteriorating relations, 220-222
        most-favored-nation status, 273-274, 287, 290-292, 350
        P.L. 480 program, 239-240
        Popovic, talks with, 280-284
        public statements, 257-258, 269-270

    Samuel, Ian, 463
    Sancar (Turkey), 740, 741, 754, 755-759
    Sarper, Selim, 692-693, 718-719
      coup plans, 723
      government restructuring, 717-718
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment in Turkey, 699-701
      Yassiada trials, 694, 709-710
    Scandinavia, 384, 408, 410, 411n, 433, 443, 496-498, 510
    Schaetzel, J. Robert, 639, 682
    Schiff, Stanley D., 627
    Schleinzer, Karl, 365-366, 370-373, 375
    Schlesinger, Arthur H., Jr., 397
    Schott, Robert R., 559n, 585n, 676n, 682
    Schroeder, Gerhard, 369, 391, 660
    Segni, Antonio, 363
    Seppala, Richard R., 397, 461, 484
      Finnish-Soviet relations, 416, 426, 429-431, 456-458
      Finnish-U.S. relations, 406, 426, 487, 489-490, 502, 505
    Sherer, Albert W., 128, 161n
    Shuckburgh, Evelyn, 463, 464
    Simelius, Gen., 479, 480, 482-483, 488, 489, 490
    Sligh, Frederick, 682
    Smole, Dr. Joze, 249
    Sokalski, Henryk, 110, 113
    Sorvali (Finland), 492, 493
    South Africa, 404
    South Tyrol, 361, 362-363, 385-386, 392-393
    Souvanna Phouma, 156-157
    Soviet Bloc (see also Albania; Bulgaria; East-West exchanges; East-West trade; German Democratic Republic; Poland; Romania; Soviet Union; Yugoslavia), 132, 333
      Austria, relations with, 361, 374-375, 382-383, 388
      Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, 379, 387
      Finland, relations with, 504
      Kennedy-Tito talks, 357, 358-359
      liberalization trends, 322, 394
      Poland, relations with, 98-99, 114, 125
      United States, relations with, 173, 178-183
      Warsaw Pact, 90, 333
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 87, 88, 90-91, 261, 312, 323, 329-330
        ideological differences, narrowing, 315-316
        U.S. most-favored-nation status, 321
    Soviet Union (see also Khrushchev, Nikita S.; Soviet Union and Soviet subheadings under other subjects), 342, 509
      Austria, relations with, 364, 374-379
      Barghoorn arrest, 54
      Berlin, 197, 199-200, 201, 397-400, 404, 405
      Bulgaria, relations with, 43
      China, People's Republic, relations with, 115-116, 249, 261, 311, 320-321, 323, 329, 337-338, 341-342, 353-354, 355, 395, 492, 504, 506, 507, 509
      Cuba, 133, 137-138, 282, 291, 352-353, 356-357, 486, 487
      disarmament, 156, 264n, 343, 639-640
      EEC, relations with, 376-379
      Finland, see under Finland
      Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with, 424
      Greece, relations with, 688
      Iraq, relations with, 726
      Kennedy-Khrushchev talks, 189n, 702, 704
      nuclear test ban treaty, 351-352
      nuclear weapons, 199-200, 343, 351, 401, 402, 497, 503, 639-640
      Poland, relations with, 73-74, 91
      Romania, relations with, 44
      Turkey, relations with, 692-693, 767
      United States, relations with, 51, 115-116, 249, 251, 261, 283-284, 389-390, 395, 506-507, 692, 761-762
      Yugoslavia, see under Yugoslavia
    Spaak, Paul-Henri C., 137, 653
    Spasowski, Romuald, 66-72, 74-76
    Spear, Moncrieff J., 4
    Spielman, Herbert, 682
    Spiers, Ronald I., 682
    Springsteen, George, 122
    Spychalski, Marian, 141
    Squire, Christopher A., 58
    Stalin, Joseph, 310n, 358, 389
    Stearns, Monteagle, 632n
    Steiner, Ludwig, 382, 383, 385
    Stevenson, Adlai E., 13, 47, 133, 137, 382, 383
    Stikker, Dirk, 622n, 641, 642, 682-683, 756
    Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 630, 637, 699, 702, 722, 724
    Stone, Galen L., 377n, 386, 388, 393n
    Strauss, Franz J., 423
    Sullivan, Charles, 682
    Sulser, Jack A., 365, 366
    Sulzberger, Cyrus, 250
    Sunay, Cedvet, 700
      coup plans, 723
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment in Turkey, 722
      Turkish force levels, 689, 690
      Turkish-U.S. relations, 714-717, 725
      Yassiada trials, 705
    Swank, Emory C., 131, 326n
    Sweden, 379, 380, 388, 402, 433, 442, 443, 467, 485, 491
    Switzerland, 97, 379, 380-381, 387-388, 402
    Syria, 517

    Talbot, Phillips, 525, 527, 528, 530n, 549n, 551, 555n, 577-578, 585n, 595n, 596, 600n, 667-668, 669, 676n, 680, 681, 684, 685, 702, 706, 740n, 763
    Tarabanov, Milko, 47
    Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 469, 489
    Thacher, Peter, 280
    Thalberg, Hans, 382, 383, 385, 386, 388
    Thant, U, 23
    Thee (ICC member), 176, 178
    Theotokis, Spyridon, 635
    Thompson, Llewelyn E., 331n, 441
    Thorp, Willard, 513, 532
    Thurston, Raymond L., 689
    Tims, Richard W., 68, 159
    Tito, Josip B., 88, 132, 337
      Africa, colonialism in, 193-194, 197
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 192, 197-198, 202-207, 232-233, 236, 241
      Bowles, talks with, 196-199
      Kennan, talks with, 332-334, 355-356
      Kennedy, correspondence with, 338, 341, 344-346, 348-349, 355-359
      Kennedy, talks with, 355-359
      Sino-Soviet dispute, 337-338
      Skoplje speech, 232-234, 236, 241, 250
      Soviet-Yugoslav relations, 264, 315-316, 323, 330, 334, 346
      visit to Africa, 184, 185
      visit to Soviet Union, 310-313, 315, 353
      visits to U.S., 186-187, 190-191, 355-359
      Yugoslav-U.S. relations, 192, 193-194, 197-198, 202-207, 232-233, 236, 241, 261, 293-295, 301-302, 310-313, 329, 331-332
    Tobin, Irwin M., 733
    Todorovic, Mujalko, 217-220, 221, 231, 355
    Tonesk, William J., 42
    Toure, Sekou, 185
    Trampczynski, Witold, 104, 119, 123, 124-126, 147, 175
    Treasury, U.S. Department of the, 102
    Truman, Harry S., 309, 609, 610, 611
    Tsankov (Bulgaria), 28
    Tunckanat, Col., 689, 690
    Turkes, Col. Alparslan, 707-708
    Turkey, 502, 503, 611
      Alikan-Kennedy talks, 760-763
      Cuba, 730n, 731-734, 740, 747
      defense guarantees, 724-726
      disarmament, 726
      Erkin-Rusk talks, 765-767
      Germany, Federal Republic, relations with, 705n, 749n
      Inonu-Johnson (Lyndon) talks, 763-765
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit, 726-730
      intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment (see also NATO below), 692, 702-704
        NATO position, 697-699
        Polaris submarines substitution, 695-697, 732-733, 742-748, 750-754, 757-760
        Turkish position, 699-700, 731-734, 741, 748-749, 753-756, 757-759
        U.S. position, 692, 702-704, 735-737, 740-741
      NATO (see also intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment above), 627-630, 644, 660, 718-719, 724-726, 765-766
        consortium, 762, 766
        Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 736-737, 738-739
      political situation, 765
        coup plans, 707-708, 723
        government restructuring, 704, 710-714, 717-718, 765
      Sarper-Rusk talks, 717-719
      Soviet Union, relations with, 692-693, 722, 767
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, see under Cyprus
      U.S. economic policy:
        assistance, 717-721, 728-730 P.L. 480 program, 718
        support for Turkish military budget, 689-691, 700-701, 715-717
      U.S. military policy (see also intermediate-range ballistic missile deployment above), 690, 700-701
        assistance, 726-729, 749, 753-753
        bilateral military talks, 714-717
        U.S. Embassy (Ankara) assessments, 690-691, 722
        U.S. position, 695-697, 735-737, 740-741, 743-748, 750-751
      Yassiada trials, 693-694, 705-706, 709-710
    Turkmen, Ilter, 588
    Turkoglu (Turkey), 709
    Tyler, William R., 77n, 120n, 160, 174, 175, 177, 234, 236n, 262n, 322n, 326n, 335n, 355, 377n, 382, 383, 385, 388, 389, 394, 395, 397, 416n, 455n, 733-734, 765

    Ulay (Turkey), 709, 712n
    Ulbricht, Walter, 383, 398
    Ulkopolitikka (Finnish publication), 492
    United Arab Republic, 517n
    United Kingdom (see also United Kingdom and U.K. subheadings under other subjects), 272, 360
      EEC, 384, 387, 392, 401, 402
      Finland, see under Finland
      Greece, relations with, 683
      Southern Command multilateral sea-based force, 737
      Turkey, relations with, 742
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, see under Cyprus
    United Nations:
      China, People's Republic of, 534
      Cyprus, 512, 513
      Hungary, 61
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 532, 555-556, 562-564, 574-576, 600-601
    United States Information Agency (USIA), 530n, 531, 537

    Vagnozzi, Monsignor Egidio, 14-16, 22-23
    Valdes, Philip, 133, 280
    Van Dyke, Stuart H., 718
    Vatican, 1, 2, 14-16, 22-23
    Vedeler, Harold C., 14-16, 22-23, 43, 45, 49, 58, 61, 103, 109n, 120n, 212, 236n, 266, 331n, 335n, 348n
    Vejvoda, Ivo, 257-258
    Velletri, August, 14
    Venizelos, Sophocles, 585, 594, 623, 636, 662-663, 685-688
    Vietnam, 506
    Vilfan (Vice President of Slovenia), 336
    Voice of America (VOA):
      Bulgaria, 51-52
      Cyprus, 527, 533-534, 537n
      Greece, 675
      Poland, 91, 99
    Voutov, Peter G., 4-7, 23-25, 36, 38, 64
    Vracaric, L., 250-251
    Vukmanovic-Tempo, 248-249

    Wailes, Edward T., 7-9, 12n, 13-14, 21-22
    Waldheim, Kurt, 386, 388, 392-393
    Wallace, Henry A., 727
    Warren, Fletcher, 689n
    Warsaw Pact, 90, 333
    Weiss, Seymour, 682, 740n
    Wennerstrom, Stig, 499
    West Europe (see also European Economic Community; European Free Trade Area; North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 111, 132, 391-392
      cooperation in, 384
      underdeveloped countries, aid to, 361
      Yugoslavia, relations with, 246, 272, 321
    West Germany. See Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG)
    Wheeler, Gen., 489, 630
    Wheeler, Joseph, 680
    White, Merrill A., 63
    Wilkins, Fraser, 521n, 524-525, 526, 527, 534, 535, 537, 538-539
      Johnson's (Lyndon) visit to Cyprus, 536
      Makarios, talks with, 516-518
      Turkish-Greek Cypriot tensions, 521-522, 543-545, 546, 561-562, 564-565, 572-573, 581-582, 584, 586-587, 593, 601-603
    Wilson, Woodrow, 62
    Winiewicz, Jozef, 119, 123-129, 146, 178-179
    Wood, Robert, 760
    Wortzel, Arthur I., 109n, 120n, 155
    Wuori, Eero A., 413, 414-415, 416, 437

    Yepishev (USSR), 264
    Youngquist, Eric V., 424
    Yugoslavia, 611
      Africa, 184-185, 193-194, 197, 268-269
      agriculture, 205-206
      Albania, 250
      anti-Americanism, 198-199, 210-212, 249
      Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States (1961), 192, 197-198, 200, 201-209, 213, 236, 241, 253
      Berlin, 193, 196-197, 202-203, 281-284
      Bulgaria, 36-37
      China, People's Republic of (see also Sino-Soviet dispute below), 88, 267, 312, 323
      colonialism, 193-194, 197, 251
      Communist Party, 336-337
      Congo, 194, 201
      Cuba, relations with, 285-286
      disarmament, 343, 351-352
      Djilas case, 262-263, 265
      EEC, 132, 281, 288, 312, 321, 330, 331, 336, 356
      emigre activities in U.S., 300-301, 350-351
      German reunification, 181-184, 203-204, 282-283
      Germany, Federal Republic of, 193, 202-203, 312, 330, 331, 335-336
      Kennan's resignation, 284
      Micunovic-Kennedy talks, 341-343
      military equipment purchases (see also U.S. military sales below), 263-264
      nuclear testing, 199-200
      Popovic-Kennedy talks, 266-270
      Popovic-Rusk talks, 280-284, 350-351
      Press Law question, 187-188, 189
      Sino-Soviet dispute, 338, 341-342, 353-355
      Soviet Bloc, relations with, 87, 88, 90-91, 261, 312, 321, 323, 357
        ideological differences, narrowing, 315-316
        U.S. Embassy (Belgrade) assessments, 329-330
      Soviet military equipment, 263-264
      Soviet Union, relations with (see also Sino-Soviet dispute above), 185, 248-249, 250, 264, 267-268, 310-312, 315-316, 334, 337, 342, 346, 353
        U.S. Embassy (Belgrade) assessments, 328-331, 355
        U.S. position, 320-323
      Tito-Bowles talks, 196-199
      Tito-Kennan talks, 332-334, 355-356
      Tito-Kennedy correspondence, 338, 341, 344-346, 348-349, 355-359
      Tito-Kennedy talks, 355-359
      Tito Skoplje speech, 232-234, 236, 241, 250
      Tito visit to Soviet Union, 310-313, 315, 353
      Tito visits to U.S., 186-187, 190-191, 355-359
      United Nations, 189
      United States, relations with, 62, 356
        deteriorating relations, 212-216, 217-224, 232-234, 257-258, 262-263, 269-270, 275-276, 292-310, 313, 317-319, 354
        disagreements over U.S. policy, 234-235, 260-261, 303-304, 309-310, 324n
        Treaty of Commerce of 1891, 281
        U.S. Embassy (Belgrade) assessments, 195-196, 198-199, 205-207, 211-212, 222-230, 231-234, 292-309, 310-313, 317-319, 328-331, 336-339, 354-355
        U.S. position, 87-90, 212-216, 238-239, 242-247, 314, 320-324, 331-332
      U.S. disaster assistance, 359
      U.S. economic policy:
        assistance, 224-230, 231-232, 234-235, 236-237, 242-247, 248, 253, 254-256, 257-260, 319-320, 333-334
        export licenses, 86, 89-90, 96, 217, 255
        most-favored-nation status, 42, 120-122, 130-132, 158n, 265, 273-279, 280-281, 284, 285-292, 314, 317, 319-322, 324-327, 331-332, 334, 338, 349, 350, 356, 338
        P.L. 480 program, 89, 205-206, 221-222, 233-234, 236-237, 238-241, 252, 318, 319
        prewar foreign bonds, 607
        technical assistance, 254, 255
      U.S. military sales, 254, 256, 271-272, 309, 314, 339-340, 346-348, 351
      ustashi activities, 251, 334
      Vracaric case, 250-251
      Western Europe, relations with, 132, 211, 246, 272, 288, 312, 321, 330, 331, 336, 356
    Yugov (Bulgaria), 28

    Zawadzki, Aleksander, 174
    Zhivkov, Todor, 27-28, 29-32, 36-39, 40, 51-52
    Zolotas, Xenophon, 616
    Zorlu, Fatim R., 710n

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