Assistant Secretaries of State for Intelligence and Research

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.
State of Residency: Virginia
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: [Oct 10, 1957]
Termination of Appointment: Feb 19, 1961

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Roger Hilsman, Jr.
State of Residency: Maryland
Non-career appointee
Appointment: [Feb 19, 1961]
Termination of Appointment: Apr 25, 1963

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Thomas Lowe Hughes
State of Residency: Maryland
Non-career appointee
Appointment: [Apr 28, 1963]
Termination of Appointment: Aug 25, 1969

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Ray S. Cline
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Non-career appointee
Appointment: [Oct 26, 1969]
Termination of Appointment: Nov 24, 1973

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: William G. Hyland
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Non-career appointee
Appointment: [Jan 21, 1974]
Termination of Appointment: Nov 24, 1975

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Harold H. Saunders
State of Residency: Virginia
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: [Dec 1, 1975]
Termination of Appointment: Apr 10, 1978

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: William G. Bowdler
State of Residency: Florida
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: [Apr 24, 1978]
Termination of Appointment: Dec 17, 1979

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Ronald I. Spiers
State of Residency: Vermont
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: [Jan 28, 1980]
Termination of Appointment: Oct 4, 1981

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Hugh Montgomery
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Non-career appointee
Appointment: [Oct 19, 1981]
Termination of Appointment: Jan 6, 1985

Title: Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Name: Morton I. Abramowitz
State of Residency: Massachusetts
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: [Feb 1, 1985]
Termination of Appointment: May 19, 1989
Note: Commissioned Aug 18, 1986, as Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research.

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Douglas P. Mulholland
State of Residency: Maryland
Non-career appointee
Appointment: Jun 8, 1989
Entry on Duty: Jun 9, 1989
Termination of Appointment: Jan 19, 1993

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Toby Trister Gati
State of Residency: New York
Non-career appointee
Appointment: Nov 4, 1993
Entry on Duty: Nov 5, 1993
Termination of Appointment: May 31, 1997

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Phyllis E. Oakley
State of Residency: Louisiana
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: Nov 10, 1997
Entry on Duty: Nov 10, 1997
Termination of Appointment: Aug 2, 1999

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: J. Stapleton Roy
State of Residency: Pennsylvania
Foreign Service officer
Appointment: Nov 16, 1999
Entry on Duty: Nov 19, 1999
Termination of Appointment: Jan 13, 2001

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Carl W. Ford, Jr.
State of Residency: Arkansas
Non-career appointee
Appointment: May 31, 2001
Entry on Duty: Jun 1, 2001
Termination of Appointment: Oct 3, 2003

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Thomas Fingar
State of Residency: Virginia
Non-career appointee
Appointment: Jul 22, 2004
Entry on Duty: Jul 22, 2004
Termination of Appointment: Jun 13, 2005

Title: Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
Name: Randall M. Fort
State of Residency: Virginia
Non-career appointee
Appointment: August 9, 2006
Entry on Duty: November 9, 2006
Termination of Appointment:

Creation of Position: On Oct 10, 1957, the Department of State elevated the position of Special Assistant to the Secretary for Intelligence and Research to that of Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, with rank equivalent to that of an Assistant Secretary of State. Since 1947, the Special Assistant had been in charge of intelligence functions that the Department of State first received after the abolition of the wartime Office of Strategic Services in 1945. An Act of Congress (P.L. 99-93) of Aug 16, 1985, authorized the appointment of an Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research. Prior to this date, the Secretary of State designated all Directors of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (appointment dates in brackets). Since Aug 1986, all incumbents have served as Assistant Secretaries of State and been commissioned by the President.