State of Residency: Massachusetts
Title: Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jan 1, 1781
Presentation of Credentials: [Apr 19, 1782]
Termination of Mission: Transmitted recall by note from London, Mar 30, 1788
Note: Commissioned also to Great Britain (see under United Kingdom); resident at London after 1785. Adams also received a second set of instructions dated Aug 16, 1781. Formally recognized on Apr 19, 1782. Adams, before leaving The Hague at the end of his longest period of residence there, presented Charles W.F. Dumas as Charg? d'Affaires ad interim on Oct 15, 1782. Dumas, although holding no commission from the United States, continued to act in this capacity, except during Adams' later visits to the Netherlands, until 1790.
Name: William Livingston
State of Residency: New Jersey
Title: Minister Plenipotentiary
Note: Elected Jun 23, 1785, to be Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Netherlands; declined appointment.
Name: John Rutledge
State of Residency: South Carolina
Title: Minister Plenipotentiary
Note: Elected Jul 5, 1785 to be Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Netherlands; declined appointment.
Name: William Short
State of Residency: Virginia
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jan 16, 1792
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 18, 1792
Termination of Mission: Left post Dec 19, 1792
Name: John Quincy Adams
State of Residency: Massachusetts
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: May 30, 1794
Presentation of Credentials: Nov 6, 1794
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 20, 1797
Note: Continued to serve, without reaccreditation, after the proclamation of the Batavian Republic.
Name: William Vans Murray
State of Residency: Maryland
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Mar 2, 1797
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 20, 1797
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Sep 2, 1801
Note: Commissioned to the Batavian Republic.
Name: William Eustis
State of Residency: Massachusetts
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Dec 19, 1814
Presentation of Credentials: [Jul 20, 1815]
Termination of Mission: Had farewell audience, May 5, 1818
Note: Formally received on Jul 20, 1815.
Name: Alexander H. Everett
State of Residency: Massachusetts
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: Jun 27, 1818
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 4, 1819
Termination of Mission: Had farewell audience, Apr 7, 1824
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 30, 1818.
Name: Christopher Hughes
State of Residency: Maryland
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: Mar 9, 1825
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 10, 1826
Termination of Mission: Superseded, Jan 28, 1830
Note: Nominated Dec 11, 1828, to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; nomination tabled by the Senate.
Name: William Pitt Preble
State of Residency: Maine
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 1, 1829
Presentation of Credentials: Jan 28, 1830
Termination of Mission: Left post on or shortly before May 2, 1831
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Feb 10, 1830.
Name: Auguste Davezac
State of Residency: Louisiana
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: Oct 15, 1831
Presentation of Credentials: Dec 30, 1831
Termination of Mission: Superseded, Jul 13, 1839
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 3, 1832.
Name: Harmanus Bleecker
State of Residency: New York
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: May 15, 1839
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 13, 1839
Termination of Mission: Superseded, Aug 22, 1842
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation. That commission is not of record, but is enclosed with an instruction of Mar 19, 1840.
Name: Christopher Hughes
State of Residency: Maryland
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: May 12, 1842
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 22, 1842
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 28, 1845
Name: Auguste Davezac
State of Residency: New York
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: Apr 19, 1845
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 28, 1845
Termination of Mission: Superseded, Sep 16, 1850
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Feb 3, 1846.
Name: George Folsom
State of Residency: New York
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: May 4, 1850
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 16, 1850
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Oct 11, 1853
Note: The record copy is dated May 4, but the date is probably erroneous, as the Senate confirmed Folsom's nomination on May 14, 1850.
Name: August Belmont
State of Residency: New York
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: May 24, 1853
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 11, 1853
Termination of Mission: Promoted to Minister Resident
Note: Nominated Feb 25, 1856, to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; nomination withdrawn before the Senate acted upon it. Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Feb 8, 1854.
Name: August Belmont
State of Residency: New York
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jun 29, 1854
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 26, 1854
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Sep 22, 1857
Name: Henry C. Murphy
State of Residency: New York
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jun 1, 1857
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 24, 1857
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 8, 1861
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 14, 1858.
Name: James S. Pike
State of Residency: Maine
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Mar 28, 1861
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 8, 1861
Termination of Mission: Left post on or soon after May 29, 1866
Name: Daniel E. Sickles
State of Residency: New York
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: May 11, 1866
Note: Declined appointment.
Name: John A. Dix
State of Residency: New York
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jul 27, 1866
Note: Declined appointment.
Name: Albert Rhodes
Title: Charg? d'Affaires
Appointment: [see note below]
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 19, 1866
Termination of Mission: Superseded, Dec 1, 1866
Note: Not commissioned; letter of credence dated Sep 29, 1866.
Name: Hugh Ewing
State of Residency: Kansas
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Sep 24, 1866
Presentation of Credentials: Dec 1, 1866
Termination of Mission: Left post on or soon after Oct 31, 1870
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Mar 2, 1867.
Name: Joseph P. Root
State of Residency: Kansas
Title: Minister Resident
Note: Not commissioned; nomination withdrawn before the Senate acted upon it.
Name: Charles T. Gorham
State of Residency: Michigan
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jul 12, 1870
Presentation of Credentials: Dec 15, 1870
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jul 9, 1875
Name: Francis B. Stockbridge
State of Residency: Michigan
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jul 12, 1875
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Took oath of office, but did not proceed to post.
Name: James Birney
State of Residency: Michigan
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Jan 10, 1876
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 29, 1876
Termination of Mission: Left post on or soon after Apr 20, 1882
Name: William L. Dayton
State of Residency: New Jersey
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Apr 26, 1882
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 26, 1882
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 8, 1885
Name: Isaac Bell, Jr.
State of Residency: Rhode Island
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: Apr 2, 1885
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 8, 1885
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Apr 29, 1888
Name: Robert D. Roosevelt
State of Residency: New York
Title: Minister Resident
Appointment: May 16, 1888
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 10, 1888
Termination of Mission: Promoted to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Name: Robert D. Roosevelt
State of Residency: New York
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 10, 1888
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 26, 1888
Termination of Mission: Presented recall May 17, 1889
Name: Samuel R. Thayer
State of Residency: Minnesota
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 19, 1889
Presentation of Credentials: May 24, 1889
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Aug 7, 1893
Name: William E. Quinby
State of Residency: Michigan
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: May 24, 1893
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 11, 1893
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jul 26, 1897
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Aug 25, 1893.
Name: Stanford Newel
State of Residency: Minnesota
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: May 11, 1897
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 19, 1897
Termination of Mission: Recommissioned to a combination of countries
Note: Newel's second and third commissions were to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: Stanford Newel
State of Residency: Minnesota
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 5, 1903
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 30, 1905
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 16, 1903.
Name: David J. Hill
State of Residency: New York
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 15, 1905
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 15, 1905
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jun 1, 1908
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: Arthur M. Beaupre
State of Residency: Illinois
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Apr 2, 1908
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 15, 1908
Termination of Mission: Transmitted recall by note, Sep 25, 1911
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: Lloyd Bryce
State of Residency: New York
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 12, 1911
Presentation of Credentials: Nov 16, 1911
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Sep 10, 1913
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: Henry van Dyke
State of Residency: New Jersey
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 27, 1913
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 15, 1913
Termination of Mission: Presented recall Jan 11, 1917
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: John W. Garrett
State of Residency: Maryland
Foreign Service officer
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Aug 23, 1917
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 11, 1917
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 18, 1919
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: William Phillips
State of Residency: Massachusetts
Foreign Service officer
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 3, 1920
Presentation of Credentials: Apr 23, 1920
Termination of Mission: Left post Apr 11, 1922
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; resident at The Hague.
Name: Richard M. Tobin
State of Residency: California
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 27, 1923
Presentation of Credentials:
Termination of Mission:
Note: Commissioned to the Netherlands and Luxembourg; did not serve under this appointment. His later commissions were to the Netherlands only.
Name: Richard M. Tobin
State of Residency: California
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 5, 1923
Presentation of Credentials: May 1, 1923
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 29, 1929
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate to the Netherlands only; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 12, 1923.
Name: Gerrit John Diekema
State of Residency: Michigan
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 11, 1929
Presentation of Credentials: Nov 20, 1929
Termination of Mission: Died at post, Dec 20, 1930
Name: Laurits S. Swenson
State of Residency: Minnesota
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 28, 1931
Presentation of Credentials: Apr 29, 1931
Termination of Mission: Left post Mar 5, 1934
Name: Grenville T. Emmet
State of Residency: New York
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Dec 27, 1933
Note: Did not serve under this appointment. Commissioned during a recess of the Senate.
Name: Grenville T. Emmet
State of Residency: New York
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jan 15, 1934
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 21, 1934
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 21, 1937
Name: George A. Gordon
State of Residency: New York
Foreign Service officer
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 30, 1937
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 10, 1937
Termination of Mission: Government left the Netherlands, May 13, 1940, in anticipation of German occupation
Note: Gordon closed the Legation, Jul 15, 1940, and Left post Jul 16, 1940. Rudolf E. Schoenfeld established the Legation near the Government of the Netherlands established in the United Kingdom, making his initial call as Charg? d'Affaires ad interim on Aug 15, 1940.
Name: Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr.
State of Residency: Pennsylvania
Non-career appointee
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 11, 1941
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 27, 1941
Termination of Mission: Promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Note: Served near the Government of the Netherlands established in England; commissioned also to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, and Yugoslavia;
Name: Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr.
State of Residency: Pennsylvania
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: May 12, 1942
Presentation of Credentials: [May 8, 1942]
Termination of Mission: Left London, Dec 1, 1943
Note: Served near the Government of the Netherlands established in England; commissioned also to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, and Yugoslavia. Formally received, and the Legation raised to Embassy status, on May 8.
Name: Stanley K. Hornbeck
State of Residency: Colorado
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 21, 1944
Presentation of Credentials: Dec 8, 1944
Termination of Mission: Left post Mar 7, 1947
Note: Served near the Government of the Netherlands established in England; resident first at London; transferred the Embassy to The Hague, Aug 17, 1945. The office of the Embassy in London was closed Sep 19, 1945.
Name: Herman B. Baruch
State of Residency: New York
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 13, 1947
Presentation of Credentials: Apr 12, 1947
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 26, 1949
Name: Selden Chapin
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Oct 7, 1949
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 27, 1949
Termination of Mission: Left post Oct 30, 1953
Name: H. Freeman Matthews
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Oct 1, 1953
Presentation of Credentials: Nov 25, 1957
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 11, 1957
Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 26, 1954.
Name: Philip Young
State of Residency: New York
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 28, 1957
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 27, 1957
Termination of Mission: Left post Dec 20, 1960
Name: John S. Rice
State of Residency: Pennsylvania
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Mar 29, 1961
Presentation of Credentials: May 6, 1961
Termination of Mission: Left the Netherlands, May 27, 1964
Name: William R. Tyler
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: May 6, 1965
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 23, 1965
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 20, 1969
Name: J. William Middendorf II
State of Residency: Connecticut
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 13, 1969
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 9, 1969
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 10, 1973
Name: Kingdon Gould, Jr.
State of Residency: Maryland
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 28, 1973
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 18, 1973
Termination of Mission: Left post Sep 30, 1976
Name: Robert J. McCloskey
State of Residency: Pennsylvania
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Sep 3, 1976
Presentation of Credentials: Oct 22, 1976
Termination of Mission: Left post Mar 10, 1978
Name: Geri M. Joseph
State of Residency: Minnesota
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 18, 1978
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 6, 1978
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 17, 1981
Name: William Jennings Dyess
State of Residency: Alabama
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 30, 1981
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 2, 1982
Termination of Mission: Left post Jul 19, 1983
Name: L. Paul Bremer III
State of Residency: Connecticut
Foreign Service officer
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jul 6, 1983
Presentation of Credentials: Aug 31, 1983
Termination of Mission: Left post Aug 25, 1986
Name: John Shad
State of Residency: District of Columbia
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 15, 1987
Presentation of Credentials: Jun 24, 1987
Termination of Mission: Left post Feb 23, 1989
Name: C. Howard Wilkins, Jr.
State of Residency: Kansas
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 21, 1989
Presentation of Credentials: Jul 13, 1989
Termination of Mission: Jul 11, 1992
Note: The following officers served as Charg? d'Affaires ad interim: Thomas H. Gewecke (Jul 1992?Jul 1993) and Michael Klosson (Jul 1993?Mar 1994) .
Name: Donald Herman Alexander
State of Residency: Missouri
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Note: Nomination of May 14, 1992, withdrawn Jul 22, 1992.
Name: K. Terry Dornbush
State of Residency: Georgia
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 9, 1994
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 16, 1994
Termination of Mission: Left post Jul 28, 1998
Name: Cynthia Perin Schneider
State of Residency: Maryland
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Jun 29, 1998
Presentation of Credentials: Sep 2, 1998
Termination of Mission: Left post Jun 17, 2001
Name: Clifford M. Sobel
State of Residency: New Jersey
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Nov 5, 2001
Presentation of Credentials: Dec 6, 2001
Termination of Mission: Left post, Aug 24, 2005
Name: Ronald Arnall
State of Residency: California
Non-career appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointment: Feb 9, 2006
Presentation of Credentials: Mar 8, 2006
Termination of Mission:
The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.