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International Organizations

FY 2007 Budget in Brief

Bureau of Resource Management

February 6, 2006

Resource Summary

($ in thousands)

FY 2005 Actuals reflect the rescission of 0.54% to Commerce, Justice, State appropriated accounts and the general rescission of 0.80% provided through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (P.L. 108-477).

FY 2006 Estimates reflect the rescission of 0.28% provided through the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 (P.L. 109-108) and the general rescission of 1.0% provided through the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006 (P.L. 109-148).

FY 2005 Actual for CIPA includes $680.0 million provided through the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005 (P.L. 109-13) and reflects $50.0 million transferred to the Peacekeeping Operations account for support of the efforts of the African Union to halt genocide and other atrocities in Darfur, Sudan.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Resource Summary
($ in thousands)

FY 2005 Actual reflects the rescission of 0.54% to Commerce, Justice, State appropriated accounts and the general rescission of 0.80% provided through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (P.L. 108-477).

FY 2006 Estimate reflects the rescission of 0.28% provided through the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 (P.L. 109-108) and the general rescission of 1.0% provided through the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006 (P.L. 109-148).

Explanation of Request

The FY 2007 request of $1,268,523,000 represents full funding; consistent with statutory restrictions, of U.S. assessed contributions to the 45 international organizations funded through this appropriation. The request recognizes the United States? international obligations to the United Nations (UN) and other international organizations.

Program Description

The various activities under this appropriation include assessed contributions to:

 ? the UN and Affiliated Agencies, that cover such diverse fields as peaceful uses of nuclear energy, international peace and security, international war crimes tribunals, arms control activities, international agricultural programs, labor, health and medical research, postal services, telecommunications, shipping, civil aviation, scientific cooperation, education, meteorology, maritime safety and pollution control, and patent classifications and copyrights;

 ? the Inter-American Organizations that are deeply involved in matters of democracy, freedom, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotics, human rights, development, animal and plant health, international law, eradication of endemic diseases, and cartographic and geophysics surveys in the Western Hemisphere;

 ? the Regional Organizations that are involved in matters of economic and social development, national security, and consultations with representatives of national legislative bodies in geographic areas of high interest to the United States; and

 ? Other International Organizations that are mainly concerned with international trade (including a broad range of commodities), the environment, and legal decision making and arbitration through courts and administrative bodies operating at international levels.

Benefits

Membership in international organizations benefits the United States in the following ways:

 ? building U.S. coalitions and gaining support for U.S. interests and policies, and pursuing multilateral programs and activities that advance U.S. interests and democratic principles and fundamental human rights based on the rule of law;

 ? promoting economic growth through market economies, free trade and investment, and efficient and accountable multilateral development assistance;

 ? settling disputes peacefully and providing an effective means to address our specific national interests in certain geographic areas of the world and strengthening our alliances in these areas;

 ? encouraging non-proliferation, nuclear safeguards, arms control, and disarmament;

 ? adopting international standards and promoting the sharing of information to facilitate the creation of wealth, including through international trade, telecommunications, transportation, intellectual property protection, environmental protection, and scientific exchange; and

 ? strengthening international cooperation in environment, agriculture, technology, science, education, health, and drug abuse prevention.

Resource Summary
($ in thousands)

Resource Summary

($ in thousands)

CONTRIBUTIONS FOR
INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES

Resource Summary

($ in thousands)

FY 2005 Actual reflects the rescission of 0.54% to Commerce, Justice, State appropriated accounts and the general rescission of 0.80% provided through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (P.L. 108-477).

FY 2005 Actual includes $680.0 million provided through the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005 (P.L. 109-13) and reflects $50.0 million transferred to the Peacekeeping Operations account for support of the efforts of the African Union to halt genocide and other atrocities in Darfur, Sudan.

FY 2006 Estimate reflects the rescission of 0.28% provided through the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 (P.L. 109-108) and the general rescission of 1.0% provided through the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006 (P.L. 109-148).

Explanation of Request

The FY 2007 request provides for funds for the U.S. share of expenses of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations. The FY 2007 requests provides $1,135,327,000 for funding of projected FY 2007 operations. The Department requests that 15% of FY 2007 funds be appropriated as "two-year funds" due to the demonstrated unpredictability of the requirements in this account from year to year and the nature of multi-year operations that have mandates overlapping the U.S. fiscal year.

Program Description

This appropriation will fund the U.S. assessed share of UN peacekeeping operations as follows:

 ? UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF, initial UN mandate in May 1974) ? acts as a buffer between Syria and Israeli troops in the strategic Golan Heights area.
 ? UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL, initial UN mandate in March 1978) ? (1) restores international peace and security in southern Lebanon; and (2) restores Lebanese sovereignty in the south of Lebanon.
 ? UN Mission in Western Sahara (MINURSO, initial UN mandate in April 1991) ? monitors the cease-fire and assists in conducting a referendum on the future status of the Western Sahara. The budget request reflects an assumption of a significant decrease in operations as the mission prepares to close.
 ? UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK, initial UN mandate in June 1999) ? provides an interim administration for Kosovo while establishing and overseeing the development of provisional, democratic and self-governing institutions in the province. UNMIK also facilitates a safe environment for all people in Kosovo. The budget request reflects an assumption of a scaling back of the mission as Kosovo assumes increased responsibilities.
 ? UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG, initial UN mandate in August 1993) ? monitors compliance with the cease-fire agreement reached between the Republic of Georgia and Abkhaz separatist forces on May 14, 1994.
 ? War Crimes Tribunals in Yugoslavia and Rwanda (established for Yugoslavia in February 1993 and for Rwanda in November 1994) ? examines war crimes in these areas. Half of each of these tribunals is funded by a special assessment using the UN regular budget scale of assessments (which is paid out of the Contributions to International Organizations account), and the other half is funded using the UN peacekeeping scale (which is paid out of this account).
 ? UN Operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC, initial UN mandate in August 1999) ? covers expenses of UN activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC) in support of the Lusaka accords goals of withdrawal of foreign forces and the disarmament and demobilization of armed rebel groups, and conduct free and fair elections. The budget request assumes a significant decrease in operations as MONUC moves toward closure.
 ? UN Mission in Ethiopia/Eritrea (UNMEE, initial UN mandate July 31,2000) ? In support of the cessation of hostilities and the peace agreements signed by Ethiopia and Eritrea in 2000, and following the Boundary Commission determination on the delimitation of the border areas, UNMEE will observe and provide technical support for the demarcation of the disputed areas. The budget request assumes that progress is resumed and the mission will begin scaling back operations and moving toward completion.
 ? UN Mission to Liberia (UNMIL, established September 19, 2003) ? supports the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and, in conjunction with the ECOWAS and other international partners, assists the Government of Liberia in restructuring and reestablishing national authority throughout the country, supports humanitarian and human rights assistance, and supports security reform. UNMIL will begin a draw down as the new government rebuilds its military and police following the national elections. 
 ? UN Operation in Cote d?Ivoire (UNOCI, initial UN mandate in February 2004) ? monitors the cease-fire, and assists Cote d? Ivoire?s transitional power-sharing government in disarming and repatriating the former combatants, maintains liaison with the Ivorian armed forces, helps the government monitor the border, facilitates the free flow of people, goods and humanitarian assistance, and assists the government in preparing for elections in 2006. Restoring stability to Cote d?Ivoire is a critical element in restoring peace to the entire West African region. Budget request reflects scaling back the mission as objectives are met in FY 2007. 
 ? UN Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH, established April 30, 2004 ) ? The peacekeeping mission replaced the Multinational Interim Force (MIF) on July 1. The UN mission assists in the reestablishment of Haiti's police functions, coordinates with other International Organizations in providing assistance in Haiti, assists in organizing Haitian elections, and helps create an environment where the Haitian political process and economic recovery can take hold. 
 ? Sudan/Darfur Operations (UNMIS, established March 24, 2005) ? The task of UNMIS is to support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the parties; to facilitate and coordinate, within its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons and humanitarian assistance; assist the parties in the mine action sector; contribute towards international efforts to protect and promote human rights in Sudan , as well as to coordinate international efforts towards the protection of civilians, with particular attention to vulnerable groups including internally displaced persons, returning refugees, and women and children.

Completed Missions

 ? UN Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP, created March 1964) ? Objective was to halt violence between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities. The budget request assumes that the mission will be terminated in FY 2007.

 ? UN Mission to Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL created October 1999) terminated in December 2005. Assisted the Government of Sierra Leone to reestablish its authority and restore law and order throughout the country. The mission has made significant progress in a country that had seen widespread human rights abuses and cruelty. Significant mistakes in the early days of the mission were overcome and lessons learned have been applied to other missions based on the success of UNAMSIL.

 ? UN Mission in Burundi (ONUB, created May 21, 2004) ? The peacekeeping responsibilities of the African Mission in Burundi that were transferred to ONUB in June 2005 include disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, elections, human rights, and demining. Elections were conducted and the transition to the new government was completed with installation of the new President on August 26, 2005. ONUB chairs the Joint Ceasefire Commission, which brings together the Burundian Armed Forces and various armed groups to oversee implementation of the ceasefire accords and discuss army reform. The budget request assumes that the mission will be terminated in FY 2007.

 ? UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) terminated in May 2005. In May 2002, East Timor became an independent country, marking the end of a three-year process towards independence under the guidance of the United Nations. UNMISET was established to provide assistance to core administrative structures critical to the viability and political stability of East Timor; to provide interim law enforcement and public security and to assist in developing the East Timor Police Service (ETPS); and contribute to the maintenance of the new country's external and internal security throughout the post-independence period to ensure the security and stability of the nascent state.

Benefits

United Nations peacekeeping operations can be an effective means of containing conflict and resolving disputes in support of U.S. national interests. Acting in this way to support U.S. interests through the UN allows the U.S. to share the risks and costs of dealing with international crises with other nations. Deployment of UN peacekeeping operations, and selective U.S. participation in them, is an important tool for advancing U.S. interests and leadership.
Peacekeeping:
 ? separates adversaries;
 ? maintains cease-fires;
 ? facilitates the delivery of humanitarian relief;
 ? helps create conditions where refugees and displaced persons can return home;
 ? constrains the forces of opposing parties;
 ? facilitates peace talks; and
 ? creates conditions conducive to political reconciliation and the conduct of free elections.
In these and other ways, peacekeeping operations can help nurture new democracies, lower the global tide of refugees, reduce the likelihood of unsanctioned interventions, and prevent small conflicts from growing into larger wars. These results directly serve the national interests of the United States.

PART / Program Evaluation

For preparation of the FY 2007 budget, the Administration evaluated the Department's Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account by, in part, drawing upon the long-term and key annual performance goals with ambitious targets and timeframes developed for the FY 2006 Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) review. In the review for FY 2006, the program has been rated as Effective and received excellent scores with regard to the program's purpose and design. The Bureau of International Organization Affairs has responded to OMB's recommendations by implementing measurable annual performance targets, establishing an efficiency measure, and demonstrating that managers are held accountable for achieving key U.S. foreign policy objectives.

The FY 2007 budget request is based on the Department's long-term goal of closing missions when objectives are met, as measured by progress towards specific goals for each peacekeeping mission.

Resource Summary
($ in thousands)