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FY 1999: Pakistan |
X. ECONOMIC AND TRADE STATISTICS[end of document]APPENDIX A - Country Data Population - The Government of Pakistan (GOP) estimated that Pakistan's population was 139 million on January 1, 1998, equating to a population density of about 175 people per square kilometer. It further estimated that this population was 32 percent urban and 68 percent rural. This estimate does not include approximately 1.8 million Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. The decennial census scheduled for 1991 but delayed several times because of its potential to alter representation and power balances, was conducted in March 1998. The results of this latest census have not yet been published. However, the census conducted in 1981 reported a population of 84,253,000. At that time, 56.1 percent of the population lived in the Punjab, 22.6 percent in Sindh, 13.1 percent in the NWFP, 5.1 percent in Baluchistan, 2.6 percent in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and 0.6 percent in the Northern Areas and the federal capital of Islamabad. Population Growth Rate - The Government has estimated that Pakistan's current population growth rate is 2.7 percent annually. However, estimates by development institutions, and independent observers tend to cluster around the 3.0 percent figure. At the current rate of growth, Pakistan's population would double in less than 25 years. Religions - Pakistan's raison d'etre was to be the homeland for Muslims living in British India. It is officially an "Islamic Republic", and 96.7 percent of Pakistanis were Muslim at the time of the 1981 census. The majority of Muslims are Sunni, but a minority, variously estimated at 15 to 25 percent, are Shia; Ismailis, an offshoot Shia group led by Prince Karim Aga Khan, are prominent in some northern areas. Shia-Sunni tensions have increased in recent years and there have been occasional clashes, particularly at the time of the Shia holy days of the 9th and 10th of the Islamic month of Muharram. The 3.3 percent non-Muslim minority consisted of Christians (1.6 percent of the total population), Hindus (1.5 percent), and smaller numbers of Ahmadis (a once-Muslim sect denounced as heretical by other Muslims and now declared non-Muslim by law), Parsees, Sikhs, Buddhists, and others. The largest concentration of Christians is in the northeastern Punjab; most of the Hindus live in eastern Sindh, in and around the Thar Desert. Government System - Pakistan is a democratic Islamic republic with a federal parliamentary system of government. The system of government is described in detail in Section III (Political System). Languages - There are twenty or more spoken languages in Pakistan, most of them Indo-Aryan. The Constitution designates as the official language Urdu, which is not indigenous to the area and is the native language only of the mohajirs, immigrants who came from India at the time of Partition. Urdu developed in north-central India and is linguistically very close to Hindi. General Zia's government (1977-1988) sought to promote further the use of Urdu in education and government, but encountered resistance from ethnic groups wedded to their regional languages and from well-to-do parents seeking to educate their children in English to enhance their upward mobility. English is widely spoken among government officials and the middle and upper classes. Punjabi is the regional language with the greatest number of native speakers, followed by Sindhi, and Pushtu (also known variously as Pashtu, Pashto, and Pushto), which is spoken by tribal groups in the NWFP and parts of Baluchistan. Work Week - Since February 24, 1997, Pakistan has reverted to a six-day work week extending from Monday through Saturday. Weekly holiday has now been changed from Friday to Sunday, mainly to facilitate business community's liaison with the international the market place. Stores and offices remain closed on Sunday. The U.S. government facilities in Pakistan continue to maintain a five-day, Monday-through-Friday work week.
APPENDIX B. Domestic Economy Year 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98(P) GDP (current factor cost, 64.8 64.3 65.0 in billions of $) GDP Growth Rate (%) 5.1 1.3 5.4 GDP Per Capita ($) 488 452 457 Government Spending as a % of GDP 23.8 21.7 21.1 Inflation (% increase in Consumer Price Index) 10.8 11.8 8.2 Unemployment (% of work force) 5.4 5.4 5.4 Foreign Exchange Reserves (in millions of US$, June 30) 2,,463 1,286 1,300 Average Foreign Exchange Rate (rupees per US $) 33.5 38.9 42.4 Debt Service 52.3 61.8 71.1 as % of export earnings U.S. Economic/Military Assistance - - - P: Provisional Source: State Bank of Pakistan Annual Report 1996-97. Pakistan Economic Survey 1997-98.
APPENDIX C. Trade PAKISTAN TRADE DATA (millions of US $, unless otherwise noted) Category 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 Total Pakistan Exports 8,707.1 8,320.3 7,127.8 Total Pakistan Imports 11,804.9 11,894.2 8,453.0 Trade Balance -3,097.8 -3,573.9 -1,325.2 U.S. Exports 1,050.1 1,425.9 978.5 U.S. Imports 1,350.7 1,478.1 1,297 Pak/U.S. Trade Balance +300.6 +52 +318 US % Share of Pak Imports 8.9 12.0 11.5 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Annual Report 1996/97; Pakistan Economic Survey, 1997/98. Note: FY 1997/98 trade data is for the first ten months (July-April). Pakistan Trade Balance with Leading Trade Partners, 1996-97 (in millions of US $) Country Exports Imports Balance 1. U.S. 1,478.1 1,425.9 52 2. Japan 479.0 1,029.3 (550.3) 3. Germany 623.9 667.4 (47.5) 4. U.K. 595.0 597.8 (2.8) Source: State Bank of Pakistan Annual Report 1996/97; Ministry of Finance. Principal U.S. Exports to Pakistan for Pakistan Fiscal Year 1996/97 (in millions of US $) Rank Description Value 1. Machinery 437.0 2. Wheat and meslim 368.9 3. Fertilizer 223.3 4. Iron and Steel 71.9 5. Transport equipment 65.7 Source: GOP's Ministry of Finance Principal U.S. Imports from Pakistan for Pakistan Fiscal Year 1996/97 Rank Description Value 1. Textiles, articles of apparel, 1,119.4 made-ups and accessories 2. Carpets and floor coverings 68.3 3. Sports goods 56.3 4. Surgical instruments 53.1 Source: GOP's Ministry of Finance
APPENDIX D. Investment Statistics GOP statistics on foreign direct investment are set forth in the following table: Inflow of Foreign Private Direct Investment in Pakistan (in millions of US $) 1992-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 Total USA 136.9 114.5 176.4 319.8 246.2 225.4 1219.2 UK 25.7 32.0 38.7 331.7 240.1 131.0 799.2 UAE 10.5 9.5 7.5 46.8 54.9 16.7 145.9 Korea - 92.6 40.8 31.5 7.3 4.2 176.4 Germany 36.2 9.1 17.6 26.0 17.6 23.6 130.1 France 5.7 11.1 13.5 14.0 10.2 4.7 59.2 Hong Kong 12.4 1.2 2.2 33.9 7.5 2.1 59.3 Italy 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.3 3.8 Japan 22.0 29.7 16.3 82.1 36.6 14.7 201.4 Arabia 8.2 1.9 0.9 26.9 -17.0 1.2 39.1 Canada 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.4 4.8 Holland 5.6 -0.1 4.5 11.9 7.7 24.9 54.6 Others 43.3 53.1 84.0 169.8 67.5 98.1 515.8 Total 307.4 356.2 403.1 1095.7 699.1 547.3 3408.8 Source: State Bank of Pakistan. 1997/98 data is for the ten-month period July-April. The United Kingdom is the second largest foreign investor in Pakistan, with $799.2 million in foreign direct investment, followed by Japan ($201.4 million), Korea ($176.4 million), UAE ($145.9 million), and Germany ($130.1). Figures for Pakistani direct foreign investment abroad are unavailable.Note* International Copyright, United States Government, 1998 (or other year of first publication). All rights under foreign copyright laws are reserved. All portions of this publication are protected against any type or form of reproduction, communications to the public and the preparation of adaptations, arrangement and alterations outside the United States. U. S. copyright is not asserted under the U.S. Copyright Law, Title17, United States Code.