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Congressional Budget Justification for
Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 2001

Released by the Office of the Secretary of State
Resources, Plans and Policy
U.S. Department of State, March 15, 2000

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BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

U.S. Agency for International Development

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW
($ in thousands)

 

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

Development Assistance Fund

1,225,000

1,210,260

948,822

Child Survival & Diseases Fund

700,000

724,448

659,250

Development Fund for Africa

--

--

532,928

Subtotal: Sustainable Development Programs

1,925,000

1,934,708

2,141,000

International Disaster Assistance

388,000

202,014

220,000

Credit Programs

8,446

8,490

--

Development Credit Authority

--

[3,000]

--

Development Credit Programs:

 

 

 

-- subsidy transfer

--

--

[15,000]

-- administrative costs

--

--

8,000

USAID Operating Expenses

502,792

518,960

520,000

IG Operation Expenses

28,617

24,950

27,000

Central America/Caribbean Emergency Disaster Recovery

613,500

--

--

Total [note 1]

3,466,355

2,689,122

2,916,000

National Interests:

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) manages programs that are an integral part of U.S. foreign policy goals, particularly in the areas of fostering economic growth and promoting sustainable development; supporting the establishment and consolidation of democracies and upholding human rights; providing humanitarian assistance to victims of crisis and disaster; and improving the global environment, stabilizing world population growth, and protecting human health.

Objectives and Justification:

The USAID Strategic Framework has established goals in six areas:

The requested accounts address these social and economic goals in an interrelated fashion, and individual country programs are tailored to focus on the strategies best suited to meeting one or more of these goals -- goals which directly relate to the International Affairs Strategic Plan prepared under the leadership of the Department of State. Activities are designed to promote sustainable development in some of the poorest countries in the world, in nations representing the world's last underdeveloped markets. The modest and well targeted investments made today will help prevent crises that turn into wars and create markets that would be open to U.S. exports.

USAID is making tangible progress toward achieving these goals by concentrating resources on a few pivotal and mutually-reinforcing issues. The primary approaches to meeting these goals are:

Broad-based economic growth programs ($445 million) focus on strengthening markets and expanding access and opportunity for the poor. Different approaches will be used to reflect regional variations in development. Activities include programs to increase agricultural production, especially for small farmers, many of whom are women. Other activities involve strengthening critical markets outside agriculture (e.g. finance, industry, internal and external trade, labor), and undertaking programs such as microenterprise that enhance access and economic opportunity for the poor. The DA/DFA level for microenterprise is $58 million as part of an overall target level of at least $135 million from all grant accounts (including ESF, SEED and FSA).

Human capacity development activities $146 million) provide access to quality basic education, ($98 million) especially for girls and women and assist institutions of higher education in their role as agents of development. Investments in basic education follow several approaches ranging from development of policies and institutions which promote increased universal access to primary education to greater opportunities for under-served populations, rural populations, and other disadvantaged children. As complements to formal school systems, cost-effective adult literacy and early childhood development programs will also be improved.

Building democracies ($167 million) is addressed through a four-pronged strategy: strengthening the rule of law and respect for human rights; encouraging more genuine and competitive political processes; promoting development of politically active civil societies; and encouraging more transparent and accountable government institutions. Activities support programs that strengthen democratic institutions and practices, foster a vibrant civic society, and encourage pluralism, inclusion, and peaceful conflict resolution.

Stabilizing population growth ($484 million) and protecting human health ($569 million) is USAID's fourth goal area. Population activities are aimed toward sustainable reductions in unintended pregnancies, maternal and child mortality rates, and in sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. For FY 2001, the Administration is requesting an increase in population funding of $141 million over the FY 2000 DA level and a total funding level of $542 million from all grant funded accounts. Programs for family planning expand service availability and use in a number of countries. Child survival programs target the principal cause of death, including preventable diseases, diarrhea, malnutrition, acute respiratory infections, and malaria, as well as polio immunization. USAID programs are giving increased attention to improving the sustainability of public and private sector services by working with host countries to strengthen essential systems that deliver family planning and health services. USAID programs include a more aggressive effort to eliminate Vitamin A deficiency and will also expand on current efforts to fight infectious diseases that have a significant public health impact. For FY 2001 the request for HIV/AIDS funding is $244 million. Funding from all sources for HIV/AIDS in FY 2001 is $254 million compared to a comparable FY 2000 level of $200 million.

Sustained management of the environment ($333 million) is promoted through reducing global climate change (GCC), conserving biological diversity, promoting sustainable urbanization including pollution management, increasing provision of environmentally sound energy services, and improving natural resource management. The Agency has developed a GCC strategy which is being implemented through a five-year, $750 million plan, which concentrates on key countries (excludes $250 million credit program). For FY 2001 USAID plans $150 million for GCC of which $109 million will be from the DA/DFA accounts. Biological diversity efforts concentrate on guaranteeing community land tenure rights and improving management of key protected areas such as the Parks in Peril program in Latin America. Sustainable urbanization programs will continue to address such problems as lack of access to basic water and sanitation services and affordable housing. Programs for sustainable natural resource management focus on four resources that provide the greatest benefits to the largest number of people -- forests, water, agricultural lands, and coastal zones.

The increase over the FY 2000 environmental levels is due to two initiatives: Clean energy and Tropical Forestry/Biodiversity. In clean energy, USAID will partner with the departments of Energy and Commerce to promote the expansion of clean energy technology in developing countries. The USAID portion of the $100 million program will be $30 million and will also include a nuclear safety component.

For the Tropical Forestry/Biodiversity initiative USAID will expand its existing programs by $33 million to a total of $100 million and focus on collaborating with non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sector companies to increase areas under sustainable management to conserve important tropical forests and biodiversity.

Lives are saved, suffering reduced and development potential reinforced through humanitarian assistance. ($220 million). (This does not include the $837 million requested for P.L. 480 Title II which is appropriated to the Department of Agriculture but administered by USAID). The United States has a long tradition in aiding the victims of man-made and natural disasters. An integrated approach to humanitarian assistance --emergency relief, prevention and transition -- reduces suffering and the need for future aid. In using this cross-cutting approach, the Agency is attempting to capture the synergism created through the strategic planning process at the country level by combining central and regional bureau resources and programs to save lives, alleviate suffering and support economic and political transitions.

The United States' ability to respond rapidly to emergencies is already known worldwide. According to the "World Disasters Report 1999," an annual survey of humanitarian trends, last year's season of natural disasters was the worst on record affecting approximately 315 million people, while complex emergencies affected at least 103 million people. The Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) in 1998 reported 65 natural disasters compared to 27 the previous year and the number of affected persons requiring OFDA's emergency assistance in health, shelter, water, and sanitation rose from 40.6 million people in 1997 to 140.8 million in 1998. For countries emerging from crises, transition assistance includes programs to reinforce local security and demining, strengthen local governance and the institutions that promote peaceful conflict resolution, reconciliation, and the restoration of social and physical infrastructure.

USAID carries out the above objectives through programs of grant assistance under the Development Assistance program, the Development Fund for Africa, and the Child Survival and Disease Program Fund, and through selected use of USAID's credit program to leverage private sector funds in support of sustainable development. The humanitarian assistance objective is carried out using International Disaster Assistance funds. The cost of managing USAID programs is funded through Operating Expenses for the Agency and its Inspector General.

The success of these programs, and their continued implementation, is supported by USAID's unique advantage of having highly qualified technical and management staff, many of whom are in the field and have the ability to work in a closely coordinated effort with both host country officials and citizens as well as other donors.

In addition to the above accounts, USAID also manages programs under other accounts jointly administered with the State Department -- the Economic Support Fund (ESF), Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED), The Freedom Support Act (FSA) -- as well as PL 480 Title II formally requested as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture budget. These accounts address many of the same objectives and strategies noted above. All of these programs are more thoroughly discussed in the USAID Congressional Presentation.

CHILD SURVIVAL AND DISEASES PROGRAM FUND
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

CSD [note 2]

700,000

724,448

659,250

National Interests:

The USAID Child Survival and Diseases Program Fund supports the U.S. foreign assistance objectives of economic development (in terms of human capacity development) and protecting human health and reducing the spread of infectious diseases. Programs covered under this account are important forerunners of efforts to support economic growth and stability.

Objectives and Justification:

The FY 2001 request for the Child Survival and Diseases Program Fund (CSD) is $659.25 million. These funds will support programs that address the basic human needs of the poor majority in developing counties. More than four million infant and child deaths are prevented each year through the critical health services provided by these funds.

Within this request, $561 million is for child survival, infectious diseases, and other health activities, of which, $244 million is for HIV/AIDS -- an increase of $69 million over the FY 2000 level, not including funding from non-CSD accounts. An additional $98 million is for children's basic education.

These funds will support efforts to improve infant and child health nutrition, reduce infant mortality, lower HIV transmission and the impact of devastating disease, mitigate the threat of infectious diseases of major public health importance, and increase literacy, numeracy, and problem solving skills -- especially among girls. Investments in children's basic education contribute to increases in productivity, improved health and stable population growth, and increased income.

DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

DA [note 3]

1,225,000

1,210,260

948,822

National Interests:

The Development Assistance account, in conjunction with other USAID-managed program accounts, serves to promote and sustain several U.S. policy objectives: broad-based economic growth, democracy and human rights, strengthening the environment, humanitarian assistance and sustainable population growth. The request for a separate Development Fund for Africa account (DFA) promotes the same objectives and is described in a later section.

Objectives and Justification:

The FY 2001 request for Development Assistance (DA) is $948.8 million, including funding for two new initiatives -- Clean Energy ($30 million) and Tropical Forests/Biodiversity ($33 million) part of which is also included within the separate DFA request. This DA request includes $234 million for programs that promote economic and agricultural growth, $92 million to support democratic participation, $12 million for human capacity development (this does not include the $98 million for basic education that is included within the Child Survival and Diseases Fund account), $225.7 million for the environment, and $385 million for population programs and protecting human health.

The request for Economic Growth funding will expand and strengthen private markets, encourage more rapid and enhanced agricultural development for food security, and provide access to economic opportunity for the rural and urban poor. These funds will focus on supporting institutional reforms, providing technology for small farmers, and microenterprise lending. Lasting economic growth increases income, enhances food security, and reduces poverty.

The request for programs in Democracy and Governance will strengthen the rule of law and respect for human rights, encourage credible and competitive political processes, promote the development of politically active civil society, and make government institutions more transparent and accountable. Scores of nations are making the transition from repressive, autocratic regimes to democratic governance, and these funds help countries build democratic institutions, strengthen the societal underpinnings essential to success, and move toward more open and representative governments.

The request for the Environment will reduce the threat of global climate change, conserve biological diversity, provide for sustainable urbanization and pollution control, increase environmentally sound energy services, and promote the sustainable management of natural resources. Lasting social and economic development requires careful stewardship of natural resources. Productive lands, forests, and coasts provide the foundation for equitable economic growth, and clean air and water are essential to meeting people's basic human needs. Support for global climate change, a five-year Administration priority begun in FY 1999, will continue with proposed funding in FY 2001 of $150 million from all grant accounts, of which the DA/DFA portion will be $109 million.

The request for Population programs will reduce unintended pregnancies, improve infant and child health nutrition while reducing their mortality rates, and decrease maternal deaths associated with childbirth through better access to obstetrical services. The increased funding for these activities ($484 million from DA and DFA) is intended to bring overall funding for population programs back to its historical level. (Funding from all grant accounts will total $542 million).

DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

DFA

--

--

532,928

National Interests:

To meet the President's commitment to sustainable African development and to assure a stable source of funding for Africa, USAID is renewing its request for a separate appropriation for the development Fund for Africa (DFA). This fund will support programs which promote broad-based economic growth, democracy and human rights, strengthen the environment, provide humanitarian assistance and encourage sustainable population growth within the Africa region. This fund also facilitates more flexible responses to countries in crises and transition.

Objectives and Justification:

U.S. programs in Africa are aimed at helping to accelerate its full integration into the global economy and combat transnational security threats. Africa must maintain or increase current rates of economic growth to secure political stability, raise living standards, and grow as a market for U.S. exports and investment.

Within this request $210.6 million is for economic development and agricultural development (with $93.6 million of this for agriculture), $35.6 million for human capacity development other than basic education (which is funded out of the Child Survival and Diseases Fund account), $103 million for population programs, $107.3 million for sustained management of the environment, and $72.6 million for building democracy.

Africa will continue to receive funds from the Child Survival and Diseases Fund account as well as the Economic Support Fund. Total requests for Africa under all these accounts will bring assistance to Africa back to historically high levels.

INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

Disaster Assistance

388,000

202,014

220,000

National Interests:

The International Disaster Assistance program provides relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance to victims of natural and man-made disaster through the USAID Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). The Disaster Assistance account also funds the Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI), which focuses on the special needs of countries emerging from crises caused by political and ethnic conflict. The FY 2001 funding request is $220 million and includes approximately $55 million for OTI's post-crisis efforts. First priority in utilizing Disaster Assistance resources will be given to life-saving, emergency assistance.

Objectives and Justification:

Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance

The OFDA program objectives are: (1) meet the critical needs of targeted vulnerable groups in emergency situations; (2) increase adoption of mitigation measures in countries at risk of natural disasters; and (3) enhance development prospects in priority, post conflict countries. To accomplish these objectives, USAID has a well-established management structure and in-house disaster relief experts who can draw on public and private sector resources to respond within 24 to 72 hours after a disaster. USAID fields assessment teams to identify needs, and provides disaster assistance response teams (DARTs) to facilitate communication and organize a response. USAID also provides communication support equipment, search and rescue groups, medical assistance, shelter, food and potable water.

Effective humanitarian assistance requires that the USAID relief, mitigation, transition and development programs support each other, as described below. In addition, USAID collaborates closely with other assistance providers in the international community. This is particularly important both to coordinate programs and to share the burden of relief costs. U.S. private voluntary organizations (PVOs) are critically important partners and play an essential role in raising resources, providing assistance, and implementing programs. USAID's partnerships with U.S. PVOs and non-governmental organizations include support for mechanisms to facilitate the exchange of information among international partners and to prevent duplication of effort.

USAID works closely with the Departments of State and Defense to coordinate American relief efforts. For urgent disaster situations, 24-hour coverage is provided by staff to ensure the transmission of accurate information across different agencies, and between the disaster area and important response centers. Satellite communication equipment augments USAID's ability to carefully target emergency assistance and to coordinate with donors and other U.S. Government and non-governmental agencies.

Demands for disaster assistance have been rising in recent years. In FY 1999, USAID obligated nearly $293 million in response to disasters, including supplemental appropriations provided for the Kosovo crisis and the Hurricane Mitch disaster. USAID responded to a total of 66 declared disasters from Albania to Vietnam in FY 1999. Among the disasters were 17 floods 2 epidemics, 10 cyclones or hurricanes, and 6 earthquakes. Among the worst natural disasters of 1999 were:

Hurricane Mitch -- the deadliest Atlantic storm in 200 years caused an estimated 11,000 deaths in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador; disaster relief provided health, water and sanitation needs, food, shelter and other emergency relief commodities.

Kosovo -- ethnic cleansing resulted in the dispatch of NATO forces and the onset of a massive humanitarian crisis, which displaced about 1.5 million Kosovars. Homes and businesses were devastated; many areas were completely devastated. Disaster relief of $117 million provided food for over 200,000 people, shelter for 46,000, health-related interventions for 40 percent of those affected by the war, and access to safe, clean water and sanitation services to 50 percent of the populace affected.

East Timor -- thousands of civilians were killed by pro-integrationist militias and more than 350,000 were displaced from their homes. Disaster assistance provided food, blankets, water jugs, sheeting and latrines and wells.

Turkey -- an earthquake registering 7.4 on the Richter scale killed an estimated 15,000 people. Disaster relief included the dispatch of the Fairfax County and Miami-Date Search and Rescue Teams to help recover survivors; water purification nits were also provided.

Complex emergencies--those involving political and military conflict--account for an increasing share of the International Disaster Assistance budget. Rapid population growth, coupled with inadequate infrastructure support systems in many developing countries, has increased the number of people vulnerable to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, and volcanoes. Urban areas are expanding, with unsafe habitation in many shanty areas and slums. Population pressures also force people to move onto marginally viable and unsafe lands where natural hazards, such as hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanoes, and their side effects, such as flooding and mud slides, have disastrous impact.

In addition to the continued challenge of responding to the growing needs of complex and natural disasters, USAID has a new responsibility of coordinating the USG response to incidents involving nuclear, biological and chemical disasters overseas. As a result, USAID is developing a new response capability and incident command system in this field of emerging threats.

In adherence to a congressional recommendation, OFDA is expanding its search and rescue capacity to include two west coast-based search and rescue teams, will enhance the overall effectiveness of the search and rescue efforts within the Pacific and Asia regions.

Office of Transition Initiatives

Countries experiencing a significant political transition in the midst of a disaster or emerging from civil conflict have unique needs that cannot be fully addressed by simple disaster relief. Timely and effective assistance to promote and consolidate peaceful, democratic advances can make the difference between a successful or a failed transition. USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI), created in 1994, bridges the gap between emergency humanitarian assistance and long-term development assistance. Its fast and flexible interventions are designed to address immediate post-conflict needs and critical threats to stability and democracy.

OTI uses such mechanisms as support for demobilization and re-integration of ex-combatants into civilian society; development of initiatives to promote national reconciliation; identification of quick-impact community self-help projects to meet urgent economic needs; and aid to independent media outlets and community-based organizations to help promote informed debate and broaden public participation.

In FY 1999, OTI initiated programs in seven countries or provinces (Albania, Colombia, East Timor, Honduras, Kosovo, Lebanon, and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia); concluded operations in four countries (Angola, Guatemala, Liberia, and Rwanda); and continued operations in nine (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Philippines, Serbia, and Sierra Leone). Technical assistance was provided in Cambodia, Northern Ireland, Peru, Ecuador and Zimbabwe.

USAID CREDIT PROGRAMS
($ in thousands)

 

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

Urban and Environmental Credit Program

Subsidy

1,500

1,500

--

Administrative costs

4,946

4,990

--

Micro and Small Enterprise Development

Subsidy

1,500

1,500

--

Administrative costs

500

500

--

Development Credit Authority

Subsidy transfer

--

[3,000]

--

Development Credit Program Account

Subsidy transfer

--

--

[15,000]

Administrative costs

--

--

8,000

Total

8,446

8,490

8,000

National Interests:

Credit is often the best means to leverage private funds for development purposes. It enables USAID to make more rational choices among loans, guarantees, grants (or combinations of these) to address market imperfections in developing countries. It also will allow USAID to achieve greater development results.

Objectives and Justification:

To enhance its capacity to use credit as a financing tool, USAID has made significant progress in strengthening its credit and loan management operations. This includes a decision to outsource a number of USAID's loan management functions; the hiring of additional staff responsible for credit matters; a review and monitoring of USAID's entire loan portfolio; the development of financial performance indicators; and the establishment of the Agency Credit Review Board to oversee all Agency credit activities.

For FY 2001, USAID is requesting a new Development Credit Program account (DCP) to replace the former USAID credit programs. Funds for the DCP will be derived by the transfer of up to $15 million from the Development Assistance and other grant accounts. In addition, $8 million is requested for administrative costs. This program consolidates the former Urban and Environmental Credit program, the Micro and Small Enterprise Development program, the former Development Credit Authority and USAID's direct loan portfolio. This consolidation will allow USAID to use credit as a more flexible development tool for a wide range of development purposes.

The new DCP permits USAID to substitute credit assistance (loans and loan guarantees) for grant assistance to achieve any of the economic development purposes authorized by the Congress in Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended.

Subject to limits in the annual appropriations acts and the normal Congressional notification processes, disciplined credit assistance under the DCP is principally intended for use where a development activity is financially viable, where borrowers are creditworthy, and where there is true risk sharing with private capital in developing countries for sustainable development projects. DCP is principally geared toward non-sovereign use. It is intended that all future Agency credit assistance will be offered under the DCP and the strict disciplines of the Federal Credit reform Act of 1990.

USAID OPERATING EXPENSES
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999 Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

Operating Expenses

502,792

518,960

520,000

National Interests:

USAID's development, economic, and humanitarian programs play an important role in support of U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives. The Operating Expenses (OE) budget of USAID is critical since it provides funding for salaries and support costs of the staff responsible for managing these programs.

Objectives and Justification:

The OE request for FY 2001 is $520 million. These funds, combined with other funding sources such as local currency trust funds, are required to enable USAID to maintain a U.S. direct hire staffing level of 2,034. As a large portion of the OE budget is either fixed or directly related to staffing levels, reductions in the requested funding levels would immediately impact on the ability of USAID to maintain the staff necessary to monitor and manage their programs.

In FY 2001, about 36% of the total resources available for Operating Expenses will be required to fund salaries and benefits of the 2,034 U.S. direct hire employees anticipated to be on-board by the end of the fiscal year. This staffing level is 14% below the staffing levels on September 30, 1996, after a reduction-in-force. Large staff reductions have been required during the past several years. It is essential that sufficient funding be provided to maintain the current staffing level in order to insure prudent and effective use of the Agency's program resources.

Another 39% of the total budget is required to cover the costs of maintaining the Agency's minimal field presence, projected at 650 U.S. direct hire in FY 2001. Most of the costs are relatively fixed, such as office and residential rents and utilities, security guards, and post assignment costs. Reductions would be possible only if the already overly stretched staff levels were to be reduced even further.

In addition to normal recurring costs of USAID, funding will be required in FY 2001 for two major information technology requirements. This effort is essential to enabling USAID to improve its overall financial management both internally, to give managers a better handle on resource allocation, performance measurement, and program management, and externally to be able to present accurate data in a timely fashion to auditors and the Congress, customers and the public at large. The first requirement is continuing work to complete the Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) accounting package, implement it throughout Washington and begin implementation overseas. In addition, this will include work to integrate the existing procurement system with the COTS package. The second is a requirement to upgrade the Agency's operating system worldwide. The system currently in use is no longer being maintained by the vendor and must be replaced at all USAID locations.

In the area of overseas security, funding has been included in the Department of State's Foreign Buildings Office budget in the amount of $50 million to provide secure facilities for USAID staff in Kenya and Uganda.

USAID OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
($ in thousands)

Account

FY 1999Actual

FY 2000 Estimate

FY 2001 Request

IG Operating Expenses

28,617

24,950

27,000

National Interests:

The FY 2001 request covers operations, including salaries, expenses, and support costs, of the Office of Inspector General's (OIG) personnel. The Omnibus Appropriations Act of October 21, 1998, transferred the OIG's Security Operations to the Administrator of USAID. From FY 1999 onward, funding for Security Operations is provided under USAID's Operating Expense account.

Objectives and Justification:

The goal of the Office of the Inspector general (OIG) is to help (1) assist USAID implement its strategies for sustainable development and provide USAID managers with information and recommendations that improve program and operational performance and (2) work with USAID to protect and maintain the integrity of the Agency and its programs by investigating allegations of federal criminal violations and serious administrative violations involving USAID programs and personnel.

The FY 2001 budget request of $27 million covers operations, including salaries, expenses, and support costs of the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) involving USAID programs and personnel operating in over 80 different countries around the world.

---------------
Footnotes:

1. FY 2000 levels reflect across-the-board rescissions as well as the transfer of $12.5 million from the Development Assistance (DA) account to the Child Survival and Diseases (CSD) account pursuant to the waiver authority of section 509D(2)(A) of the FY 2000 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriation Act (P.L. 106-113). The FY 1999 and 2000 CSD levels include transfers to UNICEF ($105 million and $110 million, respectively). Finally, FY 1999 and 2000 DA levels reflect funding for the Inter-American Foundation and the African Development Foundation.

2. The levels shown for the Child Survival and Diseases Fund account include funding for UNICEF in FY 1999 ($105 million) and FY 2000 ($110 million). FY 2000 levels also reflect the across-the-board rescission and the transfer of $12.5 million from the Development Assistance account to the CSD account pursuant to the waiver authority of Section 559D(c)(2)(A) of the FY 2000 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-113).

3. The FY 1999 and 2000 levels include funding for the Inter-America Foundation and the African Development Foundation. The FY 2000 level also reflects a transfer of $12.5 million from DA to the Child Survival and Diseases Fund account pursuant to the waiver authority of section 559D(c)(2)(A) of the FY 2000 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-113), as well as the across-the-board rescission.

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