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Current as of: September 6, 1996
Created November 7, 1995
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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS, CONTROL LIST OF DUAL-USE CHEMICALS: COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY APPLICATION
CONTROL LIST I. MANUFACTURING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Note 1. The objective of these controls should not be defeated by the transfer of any non-controlled item containing one or more controlled components where the controlled component or components are the principal element of the item and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes. NB In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, governments should weigh the factors of quantity, value, and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the item being procured. Note 2. The objective of these controls should not be defeated by the transfer of a whole plant, on any scale, which has been designed to produce any CW agent or AG-controlled precursor chemical. 1. Reaction Vessels, Reactors or Agitators Reaction vessels or reactors, with or without agitators, with total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0.1m3 (100 1) and less than 20m3 (20000 1), where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (f) titanium or titanium alloys; or (g) zirconium or zirconium alloys. Agitators for use in the above-mentioned reaction vessels or reactors where all surfaces of the agitator that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (f) titanium or titanium alloys; or (g) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 2. Storage Tanks, Containers or Receivers Storage tanks, containers or receivers with a total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0.1m3(100 1) where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (f) titanium or titanium alloys; or (g) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 3. Heat Exchangers or Condensers Heat exchangers or condensers with a heat transfer surface area of less than 20m2, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) graphite; (f) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (g) titanium or titanium alloys; or (h) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 4. Distillation or Absorption Columns Distillation or absorption columns or internal diameter greater than 0.1m; where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) graphite; (f) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (g) titanium or titanium alloys; or (h) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 5. Filling Equipment Remotely operated filling equipment in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight. 6. Valves Multiple seal valves incorporating a leak detection port, bellows-seal valves, nonreturn (check) valves or diaphragm valves, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (f) titanium or titanium alloys; or (g) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 7. Multi-Walled Piping Multi-walled piping incorporating a leak detection port, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) graphite; (f) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (g) titanium or titanium alloys; or (h) zirconium or zirconium alloys. 8. Pumps Multiple-seal, canned drive, magnetic drive, bellows or diaphragm pumps, with manufacturer's specified maximum flow-rate greater than 0.6m3/h, or vacuum pumps with the manufacturer's specified maximum flow-rate greater than 5m3/h (under standard temperature (0 oC) and pressure (101.30 kPa) conditions) in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; (c) fluoropolymers; (d) glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating); (e) graphite; (f) tantalum or tantalum alloys; (g) titanium or titanium alloys; (h) zirconium or zirconium alloys; (i) ceramics; or (j) ferrosilicon. 9. Incinerators Incinerators designed to destroy CW agents, AG-controlled precursors or chemical munitions, having specially designed waste supply systems, special handling facilities, and an average combustion chamber temperature greater than 1000 oC, in which all surfaces in the waste supply system that come into direct contact with the waste products are made from or lined with the following materials:
(b) alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; or (c) ceramics.
These controls do not apply to equipment which is specially designed for use in civil applications (for example food processing, pulp and paper processing, or water purification, etc.) and is, by the nature of its design, inappropriate for use in storing, processing, producing or conducting and controlling the flow of chemical warfare agents or any of the AG-controlled precursor chemicals. II. TOXIC GAS MONITORING SYSTEMS AND DETECTORS Toxic gas monitoring systems and dedicated detectors
(b) designed for the detection of cholinesterase-inhibiting activity. III. RELATED TECHNOLOGY The transfer of 'technology', including licenses, directly associated with
to the extent permitted by national legislation. Controls on 'technology' transfer do not apply to information 'in the public domain' or to 'basic scientific research'. The approval for export of any AG-controlled item of dual-use equipment also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum 'technology' required for the installation, operation, maintenance or repair of that item. Definition of Terms 'Technology' Specific information necessary for the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of a product. The information takes the form of 'technical data' or 'technical assistance'. 'Basic scientific research' Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective. 'Development' 'Development' is related to all phases before 'production' such as:
'In the public domain' 'In the public domain', as it applies herein, means technology that has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. (Copyright restrictions do not remove technology from being in the public domain). 'Production' Production means all production phases such as:
'Technical Assistance' May take forms such as: instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. N.B. 'Technical Assistance' may involve transfer of 'technical data'. 'Technical Data' May take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories. 'Use'
Operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul or
refurbishing.
LIST OF DUAL-USE BIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT 1. Complete containment facilities at P3, P4 containment level Complete containment facilities that meet the criteria for P3 or P4 (BL3, BL4, L3, L4) containment as specified in the WHO Laboratory Biosafety manual (Geneva, 1983) are subject to export control. 2. Fermenters* Fermenters capable of cultivation of pathogenic micro-organisms, viruses or for toxin production, without the propagation of aerosols, and having all the following characteristics:
*Sub-groups of fermenters include bioreactors, chemostats and continuous-flow systems. 3. Centrifugal Separators* Centrifugal separators capable of the contiuous separation of pathogenic micro-organisms, without the propagation of aerosols, and having all the following characteristics:
(b) components of polished stainless steel or titanium; (c) double or multiple sealing joints within the steam containment area; (d) capable of in-situ steam sterilization in a closed state. *Centrifugal separators include decanters. 4. Cross-flow Filtration Equipment Cross-flow filtration equipment capable of continuous separation of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, toxins and cell cultures without the propagation of aerosols, having all the following characteristics:
(b) capable of in-situ sterilization. 5. Freeze-drying Equipment Steam sterilizable freeze-drying equipment with a condensor capacity greater than 50 kgs of ice in 24 hours and less than 1000 kgs of ice in 24 hours. 6. Equipment that incorporates or is contained in P3 or P4 (BL3, BL4, L3, L4) containment housing, as follows:
(b) Class III biological safety cabinets or isolators with similar performance standards. 7. Aerosol inhalation chambers Chambers designed for aerosol challenge testing with microorganisms, viruses or toxins and having a capacity of 1 cubic metre or greater. The experts propose that the following item be included in awareness raising guidelines to industry: 1. Equipment for the micro-encapsulation of live micro-organisms and toxins in the range of 1-10 um particle size, specifically:
(b) Phase separators. 2. Fermenters of less than 100 litre capacity with special emphasis on aggregate orders or designs for use in combined systems.
3. Conventional or turbulent air-flow clean-air rooms and self-contained fan-HEPA filter units that
may be used for P3 or P4 (BL3, BL4, L3, L4) containment facilities.
LIST OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS FOR
EXPORT Viruses
V1. Chikungunya virus Rickettsiae
R1. Coxiella burnetii Bacteria
B1. Bacillus anthracis Genetically Modified Micro-organisms G1. Genetically modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity and are derived from organisms in the core list. G2. Genetically modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences coding for any of the toxins in the core list, or their subunits. Toxins as follow and subunits thereof:2
T1. Botulinum toxins __________________
1. Except where the agent is in the form of a vaccine. Viruses
WV1. Kyasanur Forest virus Bacteria
WB1. Clostridium perfringens* Genetically Modified Micro-organisms WG1. Genetically modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity and are derived from organisms in the warning list. WG2. Genetically modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences coding for any of the toxins in the warning list, or their subunits. Toxins as follow and subunits thereof:2
WT1. Abrin __________________ *The Australia Group recognizes that these organisms are ubiquitous, but, as they have been acquired in the past as part of biological weapons programs, they are worthy of special caution. 1. Except where the agent is in the form of a vaccine.
2. Excluding immunotoxins. LIST OF ANIMAL PATHOGENS FOR EXPORT CONTROL1 Viruses
AV1. African swine fever virus _____________________ 1. Except where the agent is in the form of a vaccine. 2. This includes only those Avian influenza viruses of high pathogenicity as defined in EC Directive 92/401EC: "Type A viruses with an IVPI (intravenous pathogenicity index) in 6 week old chickens of greater than 1.2, or Type A viruses HS or H7 subtype for which nucleotide sequencing has demonstrated multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of haemegglutinin." Bacteria AB3. Mycoplasma mycoides Genetically-modified Micro-organisms
AG1. Genetically modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid
sequences associated with pathogenicity and are derived from organisms in the list. CONTROL LIST OF PLANT PATHOGENS FOR EXPORT CONTROL CORE LIST Baceria
PB1. Xanthomonas albilineans Fungi
PF1. Colletotrichum coffeanum var. virulans (Colletotrichum Kanawae) Genetically-modified Micro-organisms
PG1. Genetically-modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid
sequences associated with pathogenicity derived from the plant pathogens identified on the export
control list. Bacteria
PWB1. Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae Fungi
PWF1. Deuterophoma tracheiphila (syn. Phoma tracheiphila) Viruses PWV1 Banana bunchy top virus Genetically-modified Micro-organisms PWG1 Genetically-modified micro-organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity derived from the plant pathogens identified on the awareness raising list. |