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This report contains the U.S. Department of State indexes of living costs abroad, quarters allowances, hardship differentials, and danger pay allowances. The statistics are computed by the Office of Allowances of the Department of State for use in establishing allowances to compensate U.S. Government civilian employees for costs and hardships related to assignments abroad. This information is also used by many business firms and other private organizations to assist in establishing private compensation systems. The data are published quarterly in January, April, July, and October.
Detailed explanations of the methods of compiling the local and U.S. Government indexes, quarters allowances, hardship differentials, and danger pay allowances are included in the Technical Notes sections of the January, April, and July publications. It is important that allowance data users be thoroughly familiar with the methods used in compiling these statistics and their limitations. The data are compiled primarily to establish allowances for Federal civilian employees abroad, and the government allowance program includes additional relocation benefits which will be described in the Technical Notes section of the October publication.
Indexes of Living Costs Abroad
The indexes of living costs (Table 1) are used to compute cost-of-living allowances for employees at posts where living costs, based on an American pattern of living, are significantly higher than in the Washington, D.C. area. To compute a cost-of-living allowance, the appropriate index of living costs is applied to spendable income the estimated portion of employee salary used to purchase goods and services. The cost-of-living allowance is a goods and services allowance. It does not cover U.S. or foreign income taxes, retirement contributions, life insurance premiums, personal savings, investments or charitable contributions. In addition, it does not cover housing and children's education, which are covered by separate allowances.
The indexes of living costs abroad compare the costs in dollars of representative goods and services (excluding housing and education) purchased at the foreign location and the cost of comparable goods and services in the Washington, D.C. area. The indexes are calculated on the basis of price data reported by foreign posts using a standard Retail Price Schedule and data similarly reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor for the Washington, D.C. area.
In addition to the indexes used to establish post (cost-of-living) allowances for U.S. Government employees, separate indexes are computed solely for private Americans living abroad. The indexes computed for private American employees the local relative and local index exclude special advantages that may be available only to U.S. Government employees. The U.S. Government relative and the U.S. Government index must include prices of goods imported to posts, sales tax rebates, military or employee operated post commissaries, and other advantages that may be available only to U.S. Government employees. The indexes are published for all locations for which reliable indexes are computed regularly.
The indexes are place-to-place comparisons at specific times and currency exchange rates. They cannot be used for measuring cost changes over time at a foreign location. Also, the indexes should not be used to compare living costs of Americans in the United States with the living costs of foreign nationals living in their own country, since the indexes reflect only the expenditure pattern and living costs of American families.
Quarters Allowances
The quarters allowances (Table 2) are the maximum allowances payable to U.S. Government employees to cover housing costs at the foreign location. Employees recruited in the United States to work abroad for the U.S. Government may receive either free government housing or an allowance to substantially cover the cost of privately rented housing. The allowance payable to a Federal civilian employee is either the amount of actual housing costs or the maximum allowance, whichever is less.
Department of State Publication 10197
Bureau of Administration
Office of Allowances
Revised October 1998
The quarters allowance reimburses Federal employees for rent; electricity, gas, fuel, and water; taxes and insurance premiums required by local law or custom to be paid by the tenant; and the agent's fee incurred by the landlord and required by law or custom to be paid by the tenant as a condition of obtaining a lease. The allowance may also be used to cover some of the costs for garage rent and necessary furniture rental.
Quarters allowances are established on the basis of annual expenditure reports submitted by all U.S. Government civilian employees in private housing abroad. Maximum allowances are established for employees of various Federal grade levels and family sizes. For publication purposes, approximate salary levels for each Federal grade level are indicated in Table 2. The family rate shown in the table is for an employee with one family member. The additional amounts for larger families are described in footnote 4 to Table 2. The quarters data are published for selected locations. The allowance rates established at the time of the annual survey are designed to fully reimburse approximately 80 percent of the employees in the sample for all allowable rent and household utility expenditures.
Post (Hardship) Differentials
Post differentials (Table 3) are provided to Federal employees, recruited in the United States, as foreign area recruitment and retention incentives. A differential is established where living conditions for U.S.G. employees are extraordinarily difficult, physical hardships are excessive, or living conditions are notably unhealthful.
The differential rate for each location is based primarily on a standard evaluation of environmental conditions as reported in the Post Differential Questionnaire. The overall rating results from an examination of 150 specific environmental factors, weighted for their relative importance. Depending on the total hardship rating, employees are paid post differentials of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 percent of base salary. The maximum amount that Federal employees can currently receive as combined annual base salary and hardship differential is $136,700. Any post differential paid Federal employees is subject to Federal income tax.
Danger Pay Allowances
A danger pay allowance may be paid Federal civilian employees where civil insurrection, civil war, terrorism, or wartime conditions threaten physical harm or pose imminent danger to the health or well-being of the employee. Locations authorized danger pay allowances are identified by footnotes in Table 3. Conditions that may warrant a danger pay determination are reported in the Danger Pay Factors Form. Depending upon the level of danger, levels of 15, 20, and 25 percent of base salary are authorized.
Danger pay allowances may be paid to employees on temporary detail at a danger pay location for at least 4 consecutive hours. The danger pay allowance paid Federal employees is subject to Federal income tax.
Technical Information
Technical notes of this publication describe the compensation of American Government employees in foreign areas. The notes also explain how the indexes of living costs abroad may be used to adjust a U.S. salary level for higher living costs abroad. Technical questions may be directed to the Office of Allowances, SA29, Room 262, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20522-2902 Telephone: (703) 875-7900.
Table 1. Indexes of Living Costs Abroad, October 1998 (Washington, D.C. = 100) Exchange Rate 1 Local 2 U.S.Government 3 Country and City Survey Foreign Number Date Unit per US$ Relative Index Relative Index Algeria: Algiers Jul-94 Dinar 37.7 84 89 81 91 7 Angola: Luanda Aug-98 Kwanza 369,235 171 179 129 132 Argentina: Buenos Aires Dec-97 Peso 1.00 130 142 114 127 Armenia: Yerevan May-97 Dram 480 97 103 90 97 Australia: Canberra Oct-97 Dollar 1.37 127 128 112 113 Sydney Oct-95 Dollar 1.31 125 123 116 115 Austria: Vienna Mar-98 Schilling 12.6 156 147 130 126 Azerbaijan: Baku Jul-98 Manat 3,760 120 126 106 111 Azores: Ponta Delgada Mar-97 Escudo 171 105 106 95 95 Bahamas: Freeport Jun-97 Dollar 1.00 123 132 116 125 Nassau Dec-96 Dollar 1.00 132 134 121 122 Bahrain: Manama Apr-97 Dinar 0.3769 103 112 94 103 Bangladesh: Dhaka Mar-98 Taka 46.3 95 101 88 92 Barbados: Bridgetown Mar-97 Dollar 2.00 141 143 126 127 Belarus: Minsk Feb-96 Ruble 11,500 103 106 98 100 Belgium: Brussels Dec-96 Franc 31.9 155 151 128 128 Shape/ Chievres Jun-97 Franc 35 130 132 106 107 Belize: Belize City Jun-98 Dollar 1.99 108 119 96 106 Benin: Cotonou Apr-98 CFA Franc 612 87 91 85 90 Bermuda Feb-98 Dollar 1.00 159 160 137 137 Bolivia: La Paz May-97 Boliviano 5.23 84 90 78 84 Botswana: Gaborone Jan-98 Pula 3.82 86 91 83 88 Brazil: Brasilia Nov-97 Real 1.09 134 139 108 113 Rio de Janeiro Nov-96 Real 1.0150 132 138 119 125 Sao Paulo Nov-96 Real 1.0150 154 146 134 125 Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan May-96 Dollar 1.40 113 130 107 123 Bulgaria: Sofia Jun-98 Leva 1753 93 101 87 95 Burkina: Ouagadougou Jun-97 CFA Franc 575 99 106 86 92 Burma: Rangoon Feb-98 Kyat 240 90 100 83 94 Burundi: Bujumbura Oct-96 Franc 317 149 148 125 122 Cambodia: Phnom Penh Feb-94 Riel 2,500 86 87 82 83 Cameroon: Yaounde Oct-97 CFA Franc 598 112 127 98 113 Canada: Halifax Mar-96 Dollar 1.35 108 108 101 101 Ottawa Oct-97 Dollar 1.37 104 104 101 101 Toronto Jul-97 Dollar 1.38 110 110 104 104 Cape Verde: Praia Jul-93 Escudo 81.1 94 101 85 91 Cent. African Rep.:Bangui May-98 CFA Franc 602 115 119 107 107 Chad: N'Djamena Jul-97 CFA Franc 582 128 138 109 117 Chile: Santiago Apr-98 Peso 446 120 131 107 117 5 5 China: Beijing Feb-98 Renminbi 8.27 121 127 103 109 Guangzhou Feb-96 Renminbi 8.29 115 107 108 100 Shanghai May-96 Renminbi 8.31 110 113 100 104 Colombia: Bogota Mar-98 Peso 1348 99 102 93 96 Congo: Brazzaville Oct-96 CFA Franc 514 165 176 126 135 Congo, Dem. Republic of: Kinshasa Jul-95 New Zaire 6,013 189 204 134 148 Costa Rica: San Jose Jun-98 Colon 251 92 99 87 94 Cote d'Ivoire: Abidjan Nov-97 CFA Franc 595 112 118 100 106 Croatia: Zagreb Feb-98 Kuna 6.27 120 119 111 109 5 5 Cuba: Havana Jan-98 Dollar 1.00 124 131 116 122 Cyprus: Nicosia Apr-98 Pound 0.532 112 113 96 96 Czech Republic: Prague Sep-96 Koruna 26.6 110 106 99 96 Denmark: Copenhagen Feb-98 Kroner 6.96 148 142 127 122 Djibouti: Djibouti City Jul-96 Franc 177 151 164 128 138 Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo Apr-98 Peso 14.9 113 121 103 110 Ecuador: Quito Dec-96 Sucre 3,335 83 88 83 88 Egypt: Cairo Jun-96 Pound 3.40 82 99 73 91 El Salvador: San Salvador Jun-97 Colon 8.75 90 96 83 89 Eritrea: Asmara Oct-97 Birr 7.2 98 104 88 94 Estonia: Tallinn Sep-97 Kroon 14.5 86 87 82 84 Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Mar-97 Birr 6.24 102 111 86 95 Fiji: Suva Mar-98 Dollar 1.91 102 107 99 104 Finland: Helsinki Apr-97 Markka 5.14 150 149 123 123 France: Paris Apr-98 Franc 5.97 157 144 134 125 Gabon: Libreville Mar-98 CFA Franc 610 145 160 119 131 Gambia: Banjul Apr-96 Dalasi 9.8 103 110 92 99 Georgia: Tbilisi Jan-97 Lari 1.2 114 119 100 105 Germany: Berlin Aug-97 Mark 1.75 129 125 117 114
Bonn Jul-97 Mark 1.71 134 133 113 112 Frankfurt Feb-98 Mark 1.79 133 131 112 111 Hamburg May-95 Mark 1.37 164 157 140 136 Munich Jun-96 Mark 1.49 158 149 133 130 Ghana: Accra Apr-98 Cedi 2317 104 111 96 103 Greece: Athens Nov-96 Drachma 239 136 136 113 113 Kavala Relay Sta. Apr-98 Drachma 299 109 110 94 95 Thessaloniki Dec-95 Drachma 237 124 126 106 107 Grenada Oct-95 Dollar 2.70 111 120 97 107 Guatemala: Guatemala City Dec-97 Quetzal 6.21 96 105 93 101 Guinea: Conakry Feb-98 Franc 1158 121 135 101 113 5 5 Guinea-Bissau: Bissau Jan-97 Peso 34,391 107 113 94 100 Guyana: Georgetown May-97 Dollar 144 74 78 75 80 Haiti: Port-au-Prince Feb-98 Gourde 17.4 107 114 95 101 Honduras: Tegucigalpa Jan-97 Lempira 13.05 74 79 71 76 Hong Kong Sep-97 Dollar 7.75 152 137 126 117 Hungary: Budapest Apr-97 Forint 176 102 98 92 89 Iceland: Reykjavik May-98 Kronur 71.8 162 164 120 121 India: New Delhi Dec-97 Rupee 39.3 84 87 87 89 Indonesia: Jakarta Jan-98 Rupiah 5366 93 106 86 99 Surabaya Aug-97 Rupiah 2,594 87 97 82 92 Ireland: Dublin Feb-97 Pound 0.6086 147 141 124 122 Israel: Tel Aviv Apr-97 New Shekel 3.4 161 163 120 121 Italy: Milan May-98 Lira 1,769 153 146 131 128 Naples Oct-95 Lira 1,602 138 140 109 109 Rome May-98 Lira 1792 153 147 133 128 Jamaica: Kingston Apr-98 Dollar 36.7 120 126 107 113 Japan: Fukuoka Jan-97 Yen 111 177 172 151 149 Gotemba (Camp Fuji)Feb-96 Yen 104 170 172 129 131 Kobe-Osaka Mar-97 Yen 119 186 176 161 155 Misawa Feb-96 Yen 102 182 183 112 113 Okinawa Jan-98 Yen 127 159 159 123 123 Sapporo Apr-97 Yen 119 179 176 160 158 Tokyo Jun-98 Yen 132 158 152 133 130 Yokohama Sep-97 Yen 116 175 168 133 132 Yokosuka Jan-98 Yen 127 172 148 145 121 Yokota Feb-98 Yen 128 158 141 138 117 Jerusalem Apr-96 New Shekel 3.09 139 142 119 121 Jordan: Amman May-98 Dinar 0.7101 105 113 92 100 Kazakhstan: Almaty Mar-98 Tenge 76.3 134 141 106 114 Kenya: Nairobi Oct-97 Shilling 54.9 104 112 94 103 Korea: Seoul Jun-97 Won 873 139 143 101 106 Kuwait: Kuwait City Apr-98 Dinar 0.2993 103 116 92 106 Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Nov-96 Som 14.6 113 121 101 108 Laos: Vientiane Mar-96 Kip 925 94 119 89 115 Latvia: Riga Nov-96 Lats 0.5457 109 126 93 110 Lebanon: Beirut Oct-92 Pound 2,335 85 94 80 90 Lesotho: Maseru May-96 Maloti 4.35 78 78 77 78 Liberia: Monrovia Aug-97 Dollar 1.00 132 140 102 108 Lithuania: Vilnius Mar-98 Litas 3.98 105 112 93 99 Luxembourg: Luxembourg Feb-98 Franc 37.5 122 123 113 113 Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of: Skopje Feb-98 Denar 56.1 97 97 87 88 Madagascar: Antananarivo Jan-97 Franc 4,353 94 101 80 86 Malawi: Lilongwe Feb-98 Kwacha 22.1 89 94 83 86 Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Apr-98 Ringgit 3.55 98 109 87 98 Mali: Bamako Nov-95 CFA Franc 496 109 118 94 101 Malta May-97 Lira 0.3586 107 109 99 101 Marshall Islands: Majuro Mar-96 Dollar 1.00 117 120 112 115 Mauritania: Nouakchott Oct-97 Ouguiya 156 128 139 109 118 Mauritius: Port Louis Jan-97 Rupee 19.8 98 105 85 92 Mexico: Mexico, D.F. May-98 Peso 8.6 96 100 92 95 Monterrey Jan-94 Peso 3.10 106 112 99 105 Micronesia: Pohnpei Jul-95 Dollar 1.00 96 99 95 98 Moldova: Chisinau May-98 Leu 4.69 99 103 93 96 Morocco: Casablanca Sep-94 Dirham 8.92 108 109 94 96 Rabat Jul-96 Dirham 8.76 108 109 89 89 Mozambique: Maputo Oct-96 Metical 11,230 117 126 97 106 Namibia: Windhoek Oct-96 Rand 4.52 94 95 90 90 Nepal: Kathmandu Feb-98 Rupee 62.2 99 107 89 97 Netherlands: The Hague Feb-98 Guilder 2.05 134 130 113 112 Brunssum Jan-96 Guilder 1.61 137 139 105 105 Netherlands Antilles:Aruba Mar-94 Florin 1.78 109 113 105 108 Curacao Jul-97 Florin 1.78 115 117 103 104 New Zealand: Wellington Nov-96 Dollar 1.43 124 125 110 111 Nicaragua: Managua Mar-97 Cordoba 9.11 100 110 93 103 Niger: Niamey Jul-96 CFA Franc 516 122 135 100 113 Nigeria: Abuja Dec-96 Naira 80.1 109 113 97 101 Lagos Jan-97 Naira 78.8 106 112 90 98 Norway: Oslo Oct-97 Kroner 7.1 165 161 134 133 Oman: Muscat Nov-97 Rial 0.3849 108 118 102 111 Pakistan: Islamabad Apr-98 Rupee 44.2 85 98 76 89 Palau, Republic of: Koror Jul-97 Dollar 1.00 101 105 101 104 Panama: Panama City Dec-97 Balboa 1.00 97 102 90 93 Papua New Guinea: Port Moresby May-98 Kina 2.05 105 115 95 104 Paraguay: Asuncion Nov-97 Guarani 2,194 106 110 95 99 Peru: Lima Nov-97 New Sol 2.71 123 130 109 116 Philippines: Manila May-96 Peso 26.2 97 106 90 99 Poland: Warsaw Mar-97 New Zloty 3.04 102 109 89 96 Portugal: Lisbon Mar-98 Escudo 185 118 117 104 103 Qatar: Doha Oct-96 Riyal 3.62 98 107 93 103 6 6 Romania: Bucharest Jun-97 Leu 7000 106 109 98 101 7 Russia: Moscow Jul-97 Ruble 5732 152 153 117 118 7 St. Petersburg Jan-97 Ruble 5,505 153 154 123 124 Vladivostok Aug-95 Ruble 4,400 112 116 102 106 Yekaterinburg Sep-96 Ruble 5,300 112 118 98 103 Rwanda: Kigali May-97 Franc 306 117 126 94 103 Saudi Arabia: Al Khobar (Dhahran) Aug-98 Riyal 3.75 120 138 108 124 Jeddah Sep-97 Riyal 3.75 104 121 93 111 Riyadh Jun-97 Riyal 3.75 125 143 105 125 Senegal: Dakar Feb-98 CFA Franc 610 119 127 102 107 Serbia-Montenegro:Belgrade May-98 New Dinar 10.94 99 96 91 89 Seychelles: Victoria Oct-95 Rupee 4.91 140 159 107 122 Sierra Leone: Freetown Jan-97 Leone 960 115 124 101 110 Singapore Apr-98 Dollar 1.68 114 122 97 107 Slovakia: Bratislava Jun-94 Korun 32.5 90 89 83 82 Slovenia: Ljubljana Jan-97 Tolar 141 118 118 104 103 South Africa: Cape Town Oct-95 Rand 3.65 93 95 85 86 Johannesburg Oct-97 Rand 4.67 94 95 90 91 Pretoria Nov-95 Rand 3.66 97 97 95 94 Spain: Barcelona May-98 Peseta 153 135 129 120 116 Madrid Feb-98 Peseta 154 125 121 114 111 Sri Lanka: Colombo Mar-98 Rupee 61.7 102 106 89 94 Sudan: Khartoum Feb-95 Pound 430 107 118 92 104 Suriname: Paramaribo Aug-97 Guilder 396 99 107 94 101 Swaziland: Mbabane Sep-97 Rand 4.69 79 85 76 83 Sweden: Stockholm Apr-97 Kroner 7.63 169 161 141 133 Switzerland: Geneva Nov-97 Franc 1.44 174 173 159 158 Syria: Damascus Dec-97 Pound 45.0 112 122 98 107 8 8 8 8 Taiwan: Kaohsiung Mar-93 Dollar 26.0 130 135 118 124 8 8 8 8 Taipei Mar-98 Dollar 32.7 140 140 115 116 6 6 Tajikistan: Dushanbe Oct-97 Ruble 850 93 98 86 90 Tanzania: Dar es Salaam Feb-98 Shilling 633 119 130 94 103 Thailand: Bangkok Mar-97 Baht 25.9 103 115 91 103 Togo: Lome Jun-96 CFA Franc 515 106 119 93 106 Trinidad/Tobago: Port-of-Spain Aug-93 Dollar 5.58 94 100 85 92 Tunisia: Tunis Feb-98 Dinar 1.16 111 114 101 105 Turkey: Istanbul Jan-98 Lira 200,000 120 126 102 108 Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Mar-97 Manat 5,250 102 109 102 108 Uganda: Kampala Aug-97 Shilling 923 148 161 106 117 Ukraine: Kiev Jan-98 Hryvnia 1.83 123 129 106 111 United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi Mar-97 Dirham 3.65 99 112 94 108 Dubai Jun-96 Dirham 3.65 109 118 102 111 United Kingdom: Belfast May-96 Pound 0.6438 141 142 126 125
Bristol Aug-95 Pound 0.6317 132 132 112 113 Gatwick Feb-95 Pound 0.6186 144 145 133 134 London May-98 Pound 0.5814 162 151 137 132 Loudwater Apr-97 Pound 0.6012 153 155 127 129
Oxfordshire May-98 Pound 0.5848 139 140 122 122 Rochester Mar-97 Pound 0.5976 154 155 140 141 Uruguay: Montevideo Sep-97 Peso 9.6 138 147 119 126 Uzbekistan: Tashkent Mar-97 Som 55.8 120 123 101 104 Venezuela: Caracas Jul-98 Bolivar 542 115 125 100 110 Vietnam: Hanoi Oct-97 N Dong 11,640 103 103 96 96 Yemen: Sanaa Mar-96 Riyal 129.0 90 97 80 88 Zambia: Lusaka Aug-95 Kwacha 941 99 120 95 116 Zimbabwe: Harare Mar-98 Dollar 16.29 73 74 72 74
1 The exchange rates shown are those used to calculate the indexes. They are usually the rates available to American citizens during the survey month. Current exchange rates may differ from the rates shown. Interim indexes adjusted for new exchange rates are not published. See Technical Notes for an explanation of how the local indexes may be adjusted for changes in exchange rates.
2 The local relative and local index measure living costs for private American citizens. The local relative is a comparison of the prices of goods and services at the foreign post and in Washington, D.C., with the price ratios weighted by the pattern of expenditure in Washington, D.C. Consequently, the local relative is a comparison of price levels at the post and in Washington, D.C., but not necessarily a comparison of the cost of living abroad. The local index is a comparison of prices at the foreign post and in Washington, D.C., with the price ratios weighted by the expenditure pattern of American employees living at the foreign post. It is, thereby, a measure of the cost of living for Americans at the foreign post compared with the cost of living in Washington, D.C. This is the index most appropriate for use by business firms and other private organizations to establish costofliving allowances for their American employees stationed abroad.
3 The U.S. Government relative and index include prices of goods imported to the post and price advantages available only to U.S. Government employees. The U.S. Government relative is a comparison of price levels but not necessarily of living costs abroad because the expenditure weights reflect only the Washington, D.C. expenditure pattern. The U.S. Government index reflects Federal employee foreign expenditure patterns and is used to compute foreign post allowances for Federal employees.
4 New surveys since the Julyl 1998 publication are in boldface.
5 Local relative and local index comparisons include prices in hard currency or diplomatic stores.
6 Insufficient local retail price data to develop meaningful local relative and local index living cost comparisons.
7 Most prices were reported in U.S. dollars.
8 There are no U.S. Government employees in Taiwan. The figures listed in this column represent a living cost comparison for American employees of the American Institute in Taiwan, who have some duty-free and other special benefits that may not be available to other Americans in Taiwan.
Table 2. Quarters Allowances, October 1998 Annual Allowance by family Exchange Rate (3) status and salary range Country and City Survey Effective Foreign Number Family Less Than$34,000 $62,000 Date (2) Date Unit per US$ Status4 $34,000 $61,999 & above Australia: Melbourne Oct-98 Jul-98 Dollar 1.64 Family $14,300 $15,600 $16,300 Single 13,000 14,300 15,600 Azores: Lajes Field May-98 Jul-98 Escudo 187 Family 9,800 10,900 12,000 Single 8,700 9,800 11,400 Bahrain: Manama Apr-97 May-97 Dinar 0.3769 Family 21,700 24,100 24,100 Single 19,300 21,700 24,100 Barbados: Oct-97 Oct-97 Dollar 2.00 Family 20,200 22,400 25,900 Single 17,900 20,200 23,500 Belgium: Brussels Dec-97 Oct-98 Franc 33.3 Family 26,000 27,200 30,800 Single 22,500 26,000 27,200 Shape/Chievres Oct-97 Oct-98 Franc 33.3 Family 16,300 18,400 19,200 Single 14,900 16,300 18,400 Bermuda Dec-95 Oct-96 Dollar 1.00 Family 23,600 26,200 26,200 Single 21,900 21,900 24,800 Canada: Calgary Dec-97 Oct-98 Dollar 1.53 Family 15,600 17,300 19,000 Single 13,900 15,600 18,000 Montreal Apr-98 Oct-98 Dollar 1.53 Family 17,100 18,900 20,700 Single 15,300 17,100 19,700 Ottawa Apr-98 May-98 Dollar 1.43 Family 18,700 20,800 22,900 Single 16,600 18,700 21,800 Toronto Apr-98 Oct-98 Dollar 1.53 Family 20,200 22,300 24,700 Single 18,000 20,200 23,600 Vancouver Oct-98 Oct-98 Dollar 1.53 Family 16,300 18,000 21,100 Single 14,500 16,300 18,900 Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo Mar-94 Apr-94 Peso 12.8 Family 11,000 13,700 14,400 Single 9,700 11,000 14,400 Ecuador: Quito Mar-98 Mar-98 Sucre 4,466 Family 16,300 18,100 21,800 Single 14,500 16,300 21,000 France: Paris Jan-98 Oct-98 Franc 5.47 Family 48,800 44,400 48,800 Single 46,500 39,800 46,500 Germany:Augsburg Jul-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 17,800 19,200 20,300 Single 15,600 17,800 19,200 Berlin Jun-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 22,700 27,300 28,000 Single 21,000 22,700 28,000 Bonn Jun-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 18,200 20,500 21,400 Single 16,500 18,200 20,500 Frankfurt Apr-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 22,600 25,500 26,700 Single 20,300 22,600 25,500 Hanau Apr-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 18,700 20,700 21,600 Single 16,500 18,700 20,700 Heidelberg- Mannheim Apr-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 22,300 24,900 27,500 Single 20,100 22,300 26,300 Kaiserslautern Mar-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 23,800 26,300 27,600 Single 21,100 23,800 26,300 Karlsruhe Jul-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 17,900 19,600 20,600 Single 15,800 17,900 19,600 Leipzig May-95 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 13,400 14,900 15,700 Single 11,700 13,400 15,300 Nuernberg Apr-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 16,600 18,400 19,100 Single 14,600 16,600 18,400 Stuttgart Apr-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 20,100 21,900 23,500 Single 18,200 20,100 21,900 Wiesbaden Mar-97 Oct-98 Mark 1.57 Family 24,700 27,400 30,300 Single 21,900 24,700 28,700 Greece: Athens Jan-97 Mar-97 Drachma 246 Family 15,300 17,000 17,000 Single 14,000 15,900 17,000 Guatemala: Guatemala City Dec-97 Dec-97 Quetzal 6.15 Family 21,500 23,900 26,400 Single 19,100 21,500 23,900
Honduras: Tegucigalpa Apr-96 Mar-97 Lempira 11.14 Family 12,400 17,200 17,200 Single 12,000 14,200 16,600 Iceland: Keflavik Jun-96 Dec-96 Kronur 67.2 Family 12,300 13,500 13,500 Single 10,800 12,300 13,500 Italy: Brindisi Feb-98 Oct-98 Lira 1,621 Family 8,400 9,600 10,600 Single 7,600 8,400 10,000 Catania Feb-98 May-98 Lira 1,745 Family 13,700 15,200 16,700 Single 12,200 13,700 16,000 Leghorn Mar-98 Aug-98 Lira 1,736 Family 14,200 15,800 16,600 Single 12,600 14,200 15,800 Naples Feb-98 Oct-98 Lira 1,621 Family 17,800 19,500 21,400 Single 15,700 17,800 20,500 Pordenone -Aviano Mar-98 Oct-98 Lira 1,621 Family 13,700 14,900 16,600 Single 12,000 13,700 15,700 Rome Mar-98 Oct-98 Lira 1,621 Family 30,000 33,100 36,400 Single 26,600 30,000 34,800 Vicenza Feb-98 Oct-98 Lira 1,621 Family 14,300 15,900 17,600 Single 12,800 14,300 16,800 Japan: Misawa Mar-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 22,000 23,900 26,600 Single 21,300 22,000 25,400 Okinawa Mar-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 19,800 22,100 23,800 Single 17,300 19,800 22,800 Tokyo City Apr-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 62,300 69,000 76,000 Single 55,200 63,000 72,400 Tokyo-To Mar-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 30,400 33,900 37,100 Single 27,000 30,400 35,400 Yokohama Mar-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 25,100 27,600 30,500 Single 22,300 25,100 29,200 Yokosuka Feb-98 Oct-98 Yen 121 Family 23,100 25,900 28,300 Single 20,800 23,100 27,000 Korea: Osan May-97 Nov-97 Won 875 Family 18,200 20,200 21,200 Single 16,200 18,200 20,200 Pusan Apr-98 Aug-98 Won 1357 Family 19,300 21,400 21,400 Single 17,100 19,300 21,400 Seoul May-97 Nov-97 Won 919 Family 32,500 36,100 37,900 Single 28,900 32,500 36,100 Taegu May-97 Sept-97 Won 881 Family 19,200 21,300 22,400 Single 17,000 19,200 21,300 Uijongbu Jun-98 Aug-98 Won 1357 Family 20,200 22,400 23,500 Single 17,900 20,200 22,400 Luxembourg Mar-98 Oct-98 Franc 33.3 Family 29,200 32,100 35,500 Single 25,900 29,200 33,900 Mexico: Mexico, D.F. May-95 Jul-95 Peso 6.36 Family 30,800 34,100 37,500 Single 27,300 30,800 35,800 Netherlands: Brunssum Jan-97 Oct-98 Guilder 1.82 Family 16,700 17,800 17,800 Single 15,400 16,700 17,300 The Hague Jun-97 Oct-98 Guilder 1.82 Family 28,400 31,300 34,800 Single 25,100 28,400 29,700 Norway: Oslo Jun-97 Oct-98 Kroner 7.37 Family 17,500 20,600 21,800 Single 16,900 17,500 20,600 Panama: Panama City May-98 Jun-98 Balboa 1.00 Family 25,600 28,400 31,200 Single 22,700 25,600 29,800 Paraguay: Asuncion Oct-95 Nov-95 Guarani 1,968 Family 19,200 21,300 21,900 Single 17,000 19,200 21,900 Peru: Lima Feb-97 Mar-97 New Sol 2.63 Family 24,600 27,300 27,300 Single 21,800 24,600 25,400 Portugal: Lisbon Aug-98 Oct-98 Escudo 166 Family 29,800 33,300 36,700 Single 26,600 29,800 35,600 Singapore Mar-98 Oct-98 Dollar 1.69 Family 29,000 32,800 34,700 Single 26,200 29,000 33,500 Spain: Madrid Oct-98 Oct-98 Peseta 138 Family 24,700 27,400 31,000 Single 21,900 24,700 28,800 Rota Oct-98 Oct-98 Peseta 138 Family 15,800 17,600 19,400 Single 14,100 15,800 18,500 Torrejon Apr-97 Oct-98 Peseta 138 Family 15,600 17,100 19,700 Single 14,000 15,600 17,700 Switzerland: Bern May-98 Oct-98 Franc 1.34 Family 29,500 32,900 36,300 Single 26,300 29,500 34,700 Geneva Aug-98 Oct-98 Franc 1.34 Family 38,200 45,400 47,800 Single 33,900 38,200 44,400 Thailand: Bangkok May-97 Oct-98 Baht 38.6 Family 11,900 13,700 13,900 Single 10,800 11,900 13,700 Turkey: Adana-Incirlik Oct-97 Dec-97 Lira 175,633 Family 8,100 9,800 10,100 Single 7,800 8,100 9,800 Ankara Aug-97 Aug-97 Lira 153,500 Family 12,000 13,300 14,600 Single 11,100 12,000 14,000 Izmir-Cigli Sep-96 Dec-96 Lira 86,123 Family 11,100 12,300 13,500 Single 9,800 11,100 12,300 United Kingdom: Cheltenham Jan-97 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 15,100 16,900 18,500 Single 13,600 15,100 17,700 Chicksands Mar-95 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 14,400 16,900 16,900 Single 13,300 14,400 16,000 Harrogate Jan-97 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 19,000 21,100 22,900 Single 16,900 19,000 22,000 Lakenheath Jan-97 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 17,100 19,000 20,900 Single 15,100 17,100 19,900 London May-98 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 43,800 48,600 52,100 Single 38,900 48,700 48,600 Oxfordshire May-98 Oct-98 Pound 0.5747 Family 17,700 19,800 21,700 Single 15,800 17,700 20,800
1 The allowance figures shown in the table are the maximum allowances payable. The quarters allowance paid to each eligible government employee is either the amount of actual expenditures for rent and utilities or the allowance maximum, whichever is less.
2 The survey date is the month when the employee housing expenditure reports were received by the Office of Allowances. The effective date is the month when either (a) allowances were revised on the basis of employee housing expenditure reports, or (b) the allowances were revised solely for changes in currency exchange rates, or (c) existing allowances were reviewed and found to be appropriate.
3 The exchange rate is the rate used to compute the quarters allowances as of the effective date.
4 Quarters allowances are computed for single persons and 2-person families. Employees with larger families living with them at post receive supplements of 10, 20, or 30 percent of the 2person allowance (for families of 3 to 4 persons, 5 to 6 persons, or 7 or more persons, respectively).
5 The quarters allowances for Tokyo To refer to housing in the Tokyo suburbs.
Table 3. Hardship Differentials, October 1998 1 2 1 2 Country and City Differential Country and City Differential Rate Percent Rate Percent Afghanistan: Kabul 25 Fiji: Suva 10 Albania: Tirana 20 Gabon: Libreville 15 Algeria: Algiers 25 Gambia: Banjul 20 Angola: Luanda 25 Georgia: Tbilisi 25 Armenia: Yerevan 25 Ghana: Accra 20 Azerbaijan: Baku 25 Greece: Athens 5 Bahrain 5 Grenada 10 Bangladesh: Dhaka 20 Guatemala : Guatemala City 10 Belarus: Minsk 20 Guinea: Conakry 25 Belize: Belize City 15 Guinea-Bissau: Bissau&nbs