The U.S. government estimates the total population at 44.7 million (midyear 2021).  According to the most recent census, conducted in 2014, 82 percent of the population is Christian.  The largest Christian group is Roman Catholic at 39 percent; 32 percent of the population is Anglican, and 11 percent is Pentecostal Christian.  The census reports Muslims constitute 14 percent of the population.  The UMSC states that Muslims (primarily Sunni) are closer to 35 percent of the population.  There is also a small number of Shia Muslims, mostly in Kampala and the eastern part of the country, particularly in the Mayuge and Bugiri Districts.  Other religious groups, which collectively constitute less than 5 percent of the population, include Seventh-day Adventists, adherents of indigenous beliefs, Baptists, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Orthodox Christians, Hindus, Jews, Baha’is, and those with no religious affiliation.

According to the Indian Association in Uganda, the largest non-African ethnic population is of Indian origin or descent, most of whom are Hindu.  The Jewish community of approximately 2,000 members is mainly concentrated in Mbale Town, in the eastern region of the country.  Generally, religious groups are dispersed evenly across the country, although there are large concentrations of Muslims in the eastern and northwestern parts of the country.