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Bulgaria

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:
BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2020 $68,830 N/A N/A www.worldbank.org/en/country 
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:
BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $861.5 2019 $756 BEA data available at https://apps.bea.gov/international/factsheet/ 
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $9.1 2016 $5 BEA data available at https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-enterprises-comprehensive-data 
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 75.6 2019 75.3 UNCTAD data available at https://stats.unctad.org/
handbook/EconomicTrends/Fdi.html  

* Source for Host Country Data:  Bulgarian National Bank

Bulgaria’s FDI flows for 2020 were USD 2.6 billion (EUR 2.1 billion), or 3.5 percent of 2020 GDP, compared to USD 1.4 billion, or 1.9 percent of GDP, in 2019.

Note: For inward investment, the Netherlands holds the top place largely because various companies, most notably Russia’s Lukoil, channel investments to Bulgaria through Dutch subsidiaries.  While official data routinely lists the United States as the 13th largest source of FDI into Bulgaria, a 2018 study by AmCham and the Institute for Market Economics, which accounted for investment flows via European subsidiaries of U.S. companies, put the United States in sixth place.  Marshall Islands is popular tax haven for Bulgarian oligarchs.

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 52,026 100% Total Outward 2,966 100%
The Netherlands 9,658 18.6% Romania 316 10.7%
Austria 4,752 9.1% Marshall Islands 303 10.2%
Germany 3,549 6.8% Greece 247 8.3%
Italy 3,005 5.8% Serbia 235 7.9%
UK 2,893 5.6% Germany 234 7.9%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.

Bulgarian owners often use Luxembourg to incorporate companies.   An independent international media investigation in February 2021 revealed some BGN 1 billion (USD 617 million) in assets by Bulgarian-owned companies in Luxembourg.

Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 11,067 100% All Countries 2,272 100% All Countries 8,796 100%
Romania 1,309 11.8% United States 642 28.3% Romania 1,299 14.8%
United States 1,275 10.9% Luxembourg 639 28.1% United States 632 7.2%
Luxembourg 711 6.4% Ireland 230 10.1% Poland 630 7.2%
Germany 684 6.2% Germany 176 7.7% Spain 581 6.6%
Poland 638 5.8% Austria 125 5.5% Germany 508 5.8%

Croatia

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2020 $58,789 2019 $64,690 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 $120.6 2019 $184 BEA data available at
https://apps.bea.gov/
international/factsheet/
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 $30.12 2018 $19 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-
enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2020 67% 2020 55% UNCTAD data available at
https://unctad.org/webflyer/
world-investment-report-2021

* GDP for 2019  and FDI at www.hnb.hr. Note:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) does not have GDP or FDI data available for 2020 at time of publishing. 2018 is the last available date for Host Country FDI in the U.S.

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward $39,375 100% Total Outward $$5,546 100%
Austria $5,562 14.12% Bosnia Herzegovina  $1,545 27.8%
The Netherlands  $5,192 13.2% Slovenia $1,232 22.2%
Luxembourg $4,476 11.4% Serbia $1,052 18.9%
Germany $4,159 10.6% Montenegro $315 5.7%
Italy 3,416 10.3% Poland $236 4.2%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.

*FDI at www.hnb.hr

Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Data not available.

Cyprus

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2020 $23,943 2019 $24,949 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2020Q3 $16,866 2019 $4,853 BEA data available at
https://apps.bea.gov/
international/factsheet/
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2020Q3 $13,586 2019 $120 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-
enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP N/A N/A 2019 99.0% UNCTAD data available at
https://stats.unctad.org/handbook/
EconomicTrends/Fdi.html
* Source for Host Country Data: Eurostat
Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data, 2019
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward $451.4 100% Total Outward $460.6 100%
Russian Federation $118.3 26.2% Russian Federation $160.6 34.8%
Luxembourg $70.3 15.6% Bermuda $56.3 12.2%
Jersey $31.7 7.0% British Virgin Islands $37.2 8.1%
British Virgin Islands $22.1 4.9% Bahamas $34.2 7.4%
Netherlands $20.1 4.5% United Kingdom $16.2 3.5%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets, 2019
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries $29,644 100% All Countries $15,169 100% All Countries $14,475 100%
Russian Fed. $9,196 31.0% Russian Fed. $8,585 56.6% Luxembourg $1,190 8.2%
Luxembourg $2,585 8.7% Ireland $1,413 9.3% Ireland $1,142 7.9%
Ireland $2,555 8.6% Luxembourg $1,395 9.2% Netherlands $769 5.3%
United States $1,892 6.4% United States $1,154 7.6% France $742 5.1%
France $905 3.0% Jersey $232 1.5% United States $738 5.1%

Czech Republic

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2:  Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy 
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2020 $258,002 2019 $250,681 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $1,727.6 2019 $4,815 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-
enterprises-comprehensive-data
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $717.7 2019 N/A BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-
enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 65.3% 2019 69.2% UNCTAD data available at
https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/
World%20Investment%20Report/
Country-Fact-Sheets.aspx
 
*Sources:  Czech Statistical Office (www.czso.cz), Czech National Bank (https://www.cnb.cz/cnb/obiee_pzi).

As of 2015, the Czech National Bank records cross-border equity capital stocks for quoted shares (in line with the ESA 2010 and BPM6 international manuals) at market value instead of book value, rather than valuing FDI as the sum of historical flows, which is the methodology used by the United States.  This explains the large discrepancy between U.S. and Czech figures for 2019.

Table 3:  Sources and Destination of FDI  
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 170,044 100% Total Outward 44,075 100%
Netherlands 30,914 18% Netherlands 13,838 31%
Luxembourg 30,306 18% Luxembourg 10,197 23%
Germany 25,973 15% Slovakia 3,875 9%
Austria 17,432 10% Cyprus 3,417 8%
France 11,940 7% United Kingdom 3,147 7%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.

The IMF rankings for the top five sources and destinations of FDI stock are consistent with data from the Czech National Bank.  IMF and Czech National Bank figures for inward direct investment vary by up to 4 percent and figures for outward direct investment vary by up to 16 percent.  These statistical distortions are a result of the global adoption of the revised OECD Benchmark Definition for FDI, which is designed to discount investment flows from special purpose entities.

The top sources and destinations of Czech FDI represent a combination of major EU trading partners and favored tax regimes.  In the early 1990s, the Netherlands became a popular location for corporate registration for domestic and foreign businesses active in the Czech Republic.  In recent years, the main rationale for registering a business in the Netherlands was favorable corporate income taxes, stimulating rapid development of offshore corporate structures in the Czech Republic.  While this has dissipated (corporate income tax rates in the Czech Republic and Netherlands are nearly equal), the Netherlands remains a popular platform for large corporations given its robust network of investment agreement protections.  Luxembourg attracts Czech businesses for similar reasons.  Among other FDI partner countries, Cyprus offers one of the lowest corporate income tax rates in the EU (currently 12.5 percent) and tax exemption of dividends.

Table 4:  Sources of Portfolio Investment  
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 32,450 100% All Countries 18,067 100% All Countries 14,384 100%
Luxembourg 6,093 19% Luxembourg 5,056 28% Netherlands 2,063 14%
United States 3,823 12% United States 2,770 15% Slovakia 2,046 14%
Austria 3,419 11% Belgium 2,068 11% Austria 1,832 13%
Slovakia 2,508 8% Ireland 1,588 9% Poland 1,507 10%
Netherlands 2,297 7% Austria 1,587 9% United States 1,052 7%

The Czech National Bank does not provide its own statistical data on portfolio investments by individual countries but provides a reference to IMF data on its website.  As far as portfolio investment assets for all countries, the 2019 IMF results are consistent with the Czech National Bank’s data.

Estonia

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical Source* USG or International Statistical Source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2020 $31,022    2020 $31,030 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or International Statistical Source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in Partner Country ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 $417 2020 N/A www.bea.gov
Host Country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 $322 2020 N/A www.bea.gov
Total Inbound Stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 88% 2019 88.35% https://unctad.org/topic/investment/world-investment-report

* Source for Host Country Data: Bank of Estonia https://www.eestipank.ee/en/statistics

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward $27,940 100% Total Outward $10,013 100%
Sweden $6,618 24% Lithuania $2,860 29%
Finland $6,597 24% Latvia $2,336 23%
Netherlands $1,742 6% Cyprus $1,264 13%
Luxembourg $1,379 5% Finland $831 8%
Lithuania $1,180 4% Ukraine $311 3%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.

Source: CDIS Table 1: Direct Investment Positions (Inward and Outward) – IMF Data

Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries $20,109 100% All Countries $5,933 100% All Countries $14,176 100%
International Organizations $6,932 34% Luxembourg $1,434 24% International Organizations $6,932 49%
Sweden $2,788 14% Ireland $1,413 24% Sweden $2,299 16%
Luxembourg $2,294 11% U.S. $769 13% Luxembourg $860 6%
Ireland $1,476 7% Sweden $489 8% Germany $609 4%
U.S. $973 5% Finland $450 8% France $495 3%

Source: Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey – Portfolio Investment Assets – IMF Data

Hungary

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2019 $163,475 2019 $163,469 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $5,684 2019 $6,114 BEA data available at https://apps.bea.gov/international/factsheet/
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $2,032 2019 $91 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/direct-investment-and-multinational-enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 61% 2019 60% UNCTAD data available at
https://stats.unctad.org/handbook/
EconomicTrends/Fdi.html 
  

* Source for Host Country Data: 2021 Hungarian National Bank, www.mnb.hu   

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 182,689 100% Total Outward 132,235 100%
Canada 29,677 16.2% Switzerland 53,045 40.1%
Cayman Islands 21,996 12% United States 15,726 11.9%
Netherlands #3 18761 10.3% Uruguay 10,216 7.7%
Germany 17,176 9.4% Netherlands 6,274 4.7%
Luxemburg 15,991 8.8% Ireland 4,658 3.5%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 13,989 100% All Countries 9,232 100% All Countries 4,758 100%
Luxembourg 4,013 28.7% Luxembourg 3,327 36% Luxembourg 686 14.4%
United States 1,939 13.9% United States 1,752 19% Austria 333 7%
Austria 973 7% Austria 640 6.9% Slovak Rep. 291 6.1%
Germany 674 4.8% Belgium 612 6.6% Czech Rep. 268 5.6%
Belgium 615 4.4% Germany 546 5.9% Poland 240 5.1%

Latvia

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2019 EUR 29.334 billion 2019 $34.103 billion www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 EUR 142 million 2019 $153 million IMF data available at http://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=61227424
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2020 EUR 74 million 2019 $78 million IMF data available at http://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=61227424
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 52% 2019 52.34% UNCTAD data available at

Beyond 20/20 WDS – Table view – Foreign direct investment: Inward and outward flows and stock, annual (unctad.org)

* Source for Host Country Data:

http://www.fm.gov.lv/en/s/macroeconomics/main_macroeconomic_indicators/ 
https://statdb.bank.lv 
https://www.macroeconomics.lv/ 

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 17,890 100% Total Outward 2,184 100%
Sweden 2,729 15% Lithuania 425 19%
Estonia 2,425 14% Estonia 271 12%
Russia 1,805 10% Russia 162 7%
Cyprus 1,283 7% Bulgaria 149 7%
Netherlands 1,272 7% Cyprus 117 5%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 17,070 100% All Countries 4,037 100% All Countries 13,029 100%
International Organizations 5,577 33% Ireland 1,839 46% International Organizations 5,577 43%
Luxembourg 3,229 19% Luxembourg 1,557 39% Luxembourg 1,672 13%
Ireland 2,068 12% Estonia 153 4% Lithuania 991 8%
Lithuania 1,017 6% Germany 117 3% Italy 565 4%
Italy 567 3% United States 84 2% Spain 430 3%

Lithuania

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2019 $ 43.9 2019 $55 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $253 2019 $171 BEA data available at
https://apps.bea.gov/
international/factsheet/
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $10.9 2019 N/A BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/international/
direct-investment-and-multinational-
enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 37% 2018 33% UNCTAD data available at
https://stats.unctad.org/
handbook/EconomicTrends/Fdi.html

* Source for Host Country Data: Department of Statistics

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward $18,563 100% Total Outward $4,269 100%
Sweden $3,483 16.7% Latvia $1,053 22%
Estonia $3,095 14.8% Netherlands $812 16.9%
Netherlands $2,918 14% Estonia $802 16.7%
Germany $1,541 7.4% Cyprus $685 14.3%
Cyprus $1,469 7% Poland $240 6.3%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries $17,744 100% All Countries $6,099 100% All Countries $11,645 100%
Ireland $2,959 16.6% Ireland $2,923 47.9% Latvia $483 4.14%
Luxembourg $2,420 13.6% Luxembourg $2,396 39.2% Estonia $273 2.3%
Latvia $542 3.1% United States $139 2.3% Poland $246 2.1%
Estonia $403 2.3% Estonia $129 2.1% Croatia $235 2%
Poland $253 1.4% Germany $114 1.8% Finland $139 1.1%

Malta

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($B USD) 2019 $14.79 2019 $14.989 http://www.worldbank.org/en/country 
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in Malta ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $2,422 2019 $579 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/
international/di1usdbal
Malta’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2018 $826 2018 $1,549 BEA data available at
https://www.bea.gov/
international/di1fdibal
Total inbound stock of FDI as % Malta’s GDP 2019 1,382.1% 2019 1,319.4% https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/
World%20Investment%20Report/
Country-Fact-Sheets.aspx

* Source for Host Country Data: Malta National Statistics Office

** Exchange rates: $1 = €0.893 (2019 figures); $1 = €0.848 (2018 figures)

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI 
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 206,130 100% Total Outward 69,786 100%
Germany 25,553 12% Germany 11,963 17%
The Netherlands 23,666 11% The Netherlands 8,789 13%
Ireland 14,882 7% United Kingdom 5,214 7%
United Kingdom 14,136 7% Ireland 4,939 7%
Canada 13,159 6% Canada 4,560 7%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 132,198 100% All Countries 113,885 100% All Countries 18,313 100%
Germany 20,136 15% Ireland 8,710 8% France 1,331 7%
Netherlands 14,710 11% Canada 7,437 7% Canada 1,061 6%
United Kingdom 9,341 7% Cayman Islands 2,992 3% International Organizations 1,029 6%
Ireland 8,988 7% France 2,142 2% Australia 471 3%
Canada 8,498 6% Australia 1,831 2% Austria 318 2%

Poland

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount  
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2019 $595,7 2019 $595,9 www.worldbank.org/en/country
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $4,720 2019 $10,403 BEA data available at https://apps.bea.gov/international/factsheet/
Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $529.1 2019 $ D/ BEA data available at https://www.bea.gov/international/direct-investment-and-multinational-enterprises-comprehensive-data
Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 39.4% 2019 40.3% UNCTAD data available at

https://stats.unctad.org/handbook/EconomicTrends/Fdi.html

* Source for Host Country Data: In Poland, the National Bank of Poland (NBP) collects data on FDI. An annual FDI report and data are published at the end of the following year. GDP data are published by the Central Statistical Office. Final annual data are available at the end of May of the following year.

D/ Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies.

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data of, 2019
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 235,504 100% Total Outward 25,422 100%
The Netherlands 50,552 21.5% Luxemburg 5,056 19.9%
Germany 43,909 18.6% Cyprus 3,222 12.7%
Luxemburg 29,670 7.9% Czech Republic 2,997 11.8%
France 20,908 0.9% Germany 1,530 6.0%
Spain 9,951 0.4% Hungary 1,496 5.9%

Results of table are consistent with the data of the National Bank of Poland (NBP).  NBP publishes FDI data in October/November.

A number of foreign countries register businesses in the Netherlands, Luxemburg and Cyprus, hence results for these countries include investments from other countries/economies.

Table 4: Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets, as of June 2020
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 36,942 100% All Countries 20,511 100% All Countries 16,432 100%
Int’l Org 4,918 13% Luxemburg 3.871 19% Int’l Org 4,918 30%
Luxemburg 4,562 12% Ireland 946 3% United States 2,937 18%
Hungary 1,365 4% Germany 695 3% Hungary 938 6%
Ireland 1,136 3% France 468 2% Sweden 840 5%
France 1,014 3% Hungary 427 2% Luxemburg 691 4%

* In Poland, the National Bank of Poland (NBP) collects data on FDI. An annual FDI report and data are published at the end of the following year. GDP data are published by the Central Statistical Office. Final annual data are available at the end of May of the following year.

Romania

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data: BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (USD) 2020 $250B 2020 $257B www.worldbank.org/en/country  https://insse.ro/cms/ 
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data: BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country (stock positions, USD) 2020 $5.87B 2019 $3.46B BEA data available at https://apps.bea.gov/international/factsheet/  National Office of the Trade Register National Bank of Romania
Host country’s FDI in the United States (stock positions, USD) N/A N/A 2019 $38M BEA data available at ttps://www.bea.gov/international/direct-investment-and-multinational-enterprises-comprehensive-data 
Total inbound stock of FDI as %host GDP N/A N/A 2019 2.5% UNCTAD data available at https://stats.unctad.org/handbook/EconomicTrends/Fdi.html 

* Source for Host Country Data:

National Statistics Institute: https://insse.ro/cms/ 

National Bank of Romania: https://www.bnr.ro/

National Office of the Trade Register: https://www.onrc.ro/ 

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 99,050 100% Total Outward N/A
Netherlands 23,012 23.2% Country #1 N/A
Austria 12,461 12.6% Country #2 N/A
Germany 12,219 12.3% Country #3 N/A
Italy 8,146 8.2% Country #4 N/A
Cyprus* 6,161 6.2% Country #5 N/A
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.*The National Bank of Romania estimates the United States to be #5 when methodology is altered to account for investments made by foreign subsidiaries of origin country companies.
Table 4: Sources of Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (US Dollars, Millions)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 6,137 100% All Countries 1,839 100% All Countries 4,298 100%
Luxembourg 1,346 22% Luxembourg 851 46% International Organizations 859 20%
International Organizations 859 14% Austria 198 11% U.S. 666 15%
U.S. 769 13% Ireland 165 9% Luxembourg 495 12%
Austria 674 11% Germany 141 8% Austria 476 11%
Netherlands 397 6% Netherlands 129 7% France 286 7%

Slovakia

Slovenia

13. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics

Table 2: Key Macroeconomic Data, U.S. FDI in Host Country/Economy
Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or International Source of Data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
Economic Data Year Amount Year Amount
Host Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($M USD) 2019 $54.152 2019 $54.174 https://data.worldbank.org/country/slovenia
Foreign Direct Investment Host Country Statistical source* USG or international statistical source USG or international Source of data:  BEA; IMF; Eurostat; UNCTAD, Other
U.S. FDI in partner country ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $206 2019 $286 BEA data available at

https://www.bea.gov/international/di1usdbal 

Host country’s FDI in the United States ($M USD, stock positions) 2019 $61 2019 $5 BEA data available at

https://www.bea.gov/international/di1fdibal 

Total inbound stock of FDI as % host GDP 2019 33% 2019 33% UNCTAD data available at

https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/
tableView.aspx
 
 

*Bank of Slovenia; published in November 2020

N.B.: The Bank of Slovenia (BoS), in its official data, lists U.S. FDI at approximately EUR 172 million in 2019, or 1.1 percent of total inward FDI. However, this amount does not reflect significant investments by U.S. firms not listed as U.S. in origin by the BoS, as U.S. funds are often routed through third-country subsidiaries. In 2017, the BoS began reporting FDI according to the ultimate investing country or originating country of capital. It estimated that USD 1.78 billion (EUR 1.48 billion euros) or 9.3 percent of Slovenia’s total FDI originated in the United States in 2019, putting the United States behind Austria, Germany, and Italy as a source of foreign investment in Slovenia.

Table 3: Sources and Destination of FDI
Direct Investment from/in Counterpart Economy Data
From Top Five Sources/To Top Five Destinations (US Dollars, Millions)
Inward Direct Investment Outward Direct Investment
Total Inward 17,931 100% Total Outward 7,132 100%
Austria 4,450 25% Croatia 2,574 36%
Luxembourg 2,342 13% Serbia 1,043 15%
Switzerland 2,051 11% Bosnia-Herzegovina 605 9%
Germany 1,522 8% Russian Federation 509 7%
Italy 1,419 8% North Macedonia 467 6%
“0” reflects amounts rounded to +/- USD 500,000.

Source: IMF’s Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (2019) CDIS Table 1: Direct Investment Positions (Inward and Outward) – IMF Data

Comment: IMF data are consistent with Bank of Slovenia data.

Note: The Bank of Slovenia has made an additional breakdown of inward FDI according to the ultimate source of capital. It shows that Germany, the United States, Japan, the Russian Federation, and Mexico are all much more important investor countries in Slovenia than is suggested by the breakdown by the immediate partner country. The U.S. ranks fourth with 1.48 billion euros (USD 1.78 billion) in 2019.

Table 4: Portfolio Investment
Portfolio Investment Assets
Top Five Partners (Millions, current US Dollars)
Total Equity Securities Total Debt Securities
All Countries 24,911 100% All Countries 6,121 100% All Countries 18,789 100%
United States 2,810 11% United States 1,553 25% France 2,188 12%
France 2,568 10% Ireland 863 14% Netherlands 1,454 8%
Germany 1,743 7% Luxembourg 747 12% Germany 1,382 7%
Netherlands 1,561 6% France 380 6% Spain 1,340 7%
Spain 1,372 6% Germany 361 6% United States 1,257 7%

Source: IMF’s Coordinated Direct Investment Survey   Table 1: Reported Portfolio Investment Assets by Economy of Nonresident Issuer – IMF Data

Investment Climate Statements
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